Entries from CIBASE regarding the CIA and Guatemala
ACADEMIA
CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY (CFD) WAS ESTABLISHED IN 84 TO "PROMOTE THE DEMOCRATIC
PROCESS IN U.S. AND ABROAD." CONCEPT FOR GROUP APPARENTLY CAME FROM
AMERICAN POLITICAL FOUNDATION (APF), A GROUP FOUNDED IN LATE-70S TO DEVELOP
A BIPARTISAN APPROACH TO ASSIST EMERGING DEMOCRACIES. THE APF - COMPOSED OF
BUSINESS, LABOR, GOVERNMENT, AND ACADEMIC LEADERS - ORGANIZED "THE
DEMOCRACY PROGRAM" WHICH PROPOSED GVT FUNDING OF THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR
DEMOCRACY (NED) AND ITS FOUR ASSOCIATED INSTITUTES. THE DEMOCRACY PROGRAM
EVOLVED INTO CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY, UNDER THE UMBRELLA OF BOSTON UNIVERSITY.
CENTER HAS OFFICES IN BOSTON, WASHINGTON, DC, GUATEMALA CITY AND
STRASBOURG, FRANCE. CENTER'S BOARD OF DIRECTORS IS DOMINATED BY POLITICAL
HEAVYWEIGHTS FROM INFLUENTIAL LEGAL AND PUBLIC RELATIONS FIRMS AND FROM A
BOARD OF NED. KNOWN FUNDING SOURCES ARE PRIMARILY GOVERNMENTAL. CDF
MAINTAINS A "LIAISON PRESENCE" IN STRASBOURG, FRANCE TO ASSIST WITH
DEMOCRATIZATION OCCURRING IN EASTERN EUROPE. CDF IS ALSO ACTIVE IN
ELECTORAL PROCESS IN NAMIBIA, PRIMARILY TRYING TO FACILITATE COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN SWAPO AND OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES. CENTER'S MAIN ACTIVITIES HAVE
FOCUSED ON CENTRAL AMERICA. PRIOR TO RECEIVING ITS MAJOR CONTRACT FOR
DEMOCRACY DEVELOPMENT IN GUATEMALA, THE CENTER ADMINISTERED AN AID-FUNDED
LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT PROGRAM THAT INVOLVED WORK WITH THE NATIONAL
LEGISLATURES OF BELIZE, COSTA RICA, EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, AND HONDURAS.
RESOURCE CENTER GROUPWATCH PROJECT
CENTRAL AMERICA, 87 "THE SECRET WAR IN CENTRAL AMERICA: SANDINISTA
ASSAULT ON WORLD ORDER," BY JOHN NORTON MOORE, PUBLISHED BY UNIVERSITY
PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA. THE BOOK "EXPOSES" THE SANDINISTA WAR AGAINST EL
SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS AND COSTA RICA. THE BOOK REVEALS "THE PATTERN
OF SOVIET-CUBAN AGGRESSION IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE WORLDWIDE MARXIST
NETWORK SUPPORTING `WARS OF NATIONAL LIBERATION.'" MOORE IS THE DIRECTOR OF
THE CENTER FOR LAW AT THE U. OF VIRGINA LAW SCHOOL. WASHINGTON POST
BOOKWORLD 1/11/87 1/11/87 9
GUATEMALA, 44-54 COLD-WAR SCHOLAR RONALD SCHNEIDER PUBLISHED IN 58 A
SCHOLARLY ACCOUNT OF THE COMMUNIST TAKEOVER UNDER ARBENZ "COMMUNISM IN
GUATEMALA." SCHNEIDER GIVEN ACCESS TO MORE THAN 50,000 INTERNAL DOCS. BOOK
MADE NO MENTION OF U.S. ROLE IN OVERTHROW GVT. WHEN HE WROTE BOOK SCHNEIDER
EMPLOYED BY THE U. OF PENNSYLVANIA'S RIGHT-WING COLD-WAR THINK TANK, THE
FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (FPRI). IT CLAIMED SCHNEIDER GOT DOCS
THRU THE STATE DEPT, IT MORE LIKELY THAT HIS CONTACTS WERE THE CIA, WHICH
WAS FUNDING THE FPRI. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA
83-4
GUATEMALA, 54 DOCUMENTS REMOVED FROM GUATEMALA IN JULY 54. PART OF
CLEANUP OF STATE DEPT-CIA OP A COMMITTEE "SEIZED FILES OF ALL
COMMUNIST-INFILTRATED ORGS AND LEADING FIGURES OF ARBENZ REGIME." 50,000
DOCS MICROFILMED USED TO FORM BASIS OF BOOK, "COMMUNISM IN GUATEMALA,"
1944-1954, BY RONALD M. SCHNEIDER - PUBLISHED BY FREDERICK A. PRAEGER
SERIES IN RUSSIAN HISTORY AND WORLD COMMUNISM (1958), SUBSEQUENTLY REVEALED
TO BE A CIA-SPONSORED PROJECT UNDER FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER
375-76 N 2
GUATEMALA, 89 NED, AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, FOR ATANASIO TZUL INSTITUTE, FOR
SEMINARS AND CONFERENCES FOR REPRESENTATIVES OF POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC SECTORS ON BASIC ELEMENTS OF DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM. $40,000. NATIONAL
ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 89 33
GUATEMALA, 89 NED, AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, FOR NATIONAL RECONCILIATION
COMMISSION OF GUATEMALA. $60,000. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL
REPORTS 89 33
GUATEMALA, 90 NED, AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, FOR CENTER FOR POLITICAL STUDIES
(CEDEP) FOR A GET-OUT-THE-VOTE CAMPAIGN, CARRY OUT WORKSHOPS, SPONSOR
NATIONAL FORUM AND PUBLISH BULLETIN. $80,000. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR
DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 90 40
GUATEMALA, 90 NED, AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, TO ENABLE ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL
STUDIES AND RESEARCH (ASIES) CARRY OUT MASS MEDIA VOTER EDUCATION PROGRAM.
$60,000. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 90 40
AGENT
CUBA, GUATEMALA, 61 IN 1961 AN AMERICAN [CIA] RELEASED PHOTOS OF CUBAN
EXILE BRIGADE TRAINING IN GUATEMALA TO SPANISH LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS FOR
RECRUITMENT PURPOSES. NOTE: BASED ON CUBAN EXILE'S ACCOUNT. HAYNES, J.
(1964). THE BAY OF PIGS: THE LEADER'S STORY OF BRIGADE 2506 63
GUATEMALA, 53-54 ISSAC DELGADO ACTED AS A DOUBLE AGENT IN GUATEMALA IN
1953. HE APPROACHED AN AIDE OF ARBENZ OFFERING HIS SERVICES. HE SOLD ARBENZ
GOV DOCUMENTS SHOWING PLAN WAS UNDERWAY TO OVERTHROW GOVERNMENT. IN EARLY
JAN 54, GOVERNMENT WENT PUBLIC WITH DOCUMENTS. FORMER ARMY MAJOR ENRIQUE
TRINIDAD OLIVIA, A KEY ARMAS ALLY AND OTHER CONSPIRATORS WERE ARRESTED.
U.S. LAUNCHED CAMPAIGN PORTRAYING THOSE ARRESTED AS VICTIMS OF REPRESSIVE
COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 258,259
GUATEMALA, 54 BRIEF ARTICLE ON ANNIVERSARY OF CIA-ORCHESTRATED COUP IN
GUATEMALA. PHIL ROETINGER WRITES THAT HE WAS IN CIA AT TIME AND HELPED
OVERTHROW THE GVT. CIA RECRUITED A TRAITOR WITHIN ARBENZ GVT WHO CONVINCED
ARBENZ TO ABDICATE TO PREVENT LOSS OF LIFE - THIS TRAITOR LATER INSTALLED
AS PRESIDENT AND STILL LATER WAS ASSASSINATED. GUATEMALA HAS BEEN RULED BY
VICIOUS DICTATORS SINCE. UNCLASSIFIED 8/94 20
AIR OP
AIR COMMANDO ASSOCIATION (ACA), HONDURAS. ACA BEGAN WORK IN HONDURAS IN 84
AND MAY HAVE ASSISTED NICARAGUAN CONTRAS. THE MICHIGAN AIR GUARD PACKED UP
SUPPLIES, AIR FORCE PROVIDED STORAGE FACILITIES, AND SPECIAL OPS AIR FORCE
PERSONNEL HELPED TRANSPORT SEVERAL TONS OF SUPPLIES TO GUATEMALA FOR ACA.
OPS OF ACA AND OTHER PARAMILITARY GROUPS OPERATING IN CENTRAL AMERICA
REPORTEDLY COORDINATED THEIR EFFORTS THROUGH OLIVER NORTH ON THE NSC.
RESOURCE CENTER GROUPWATCH PROJECT
CUBA, 60-61 PILOTS FROM ALABAMA NATIONAL GUARD TRAINED CUBANS TO FLY AT
BASES IN GUATEMALA. CURREY, C.B. (1988). EDWARD LANSDALE: THE UNQUIET
AMERICAN 209
CUBA, 61 8-16 B-26'S AT RETALHULEU, GUATEMALA READYING FOR THE BAY OF
PIGS. BY LATIN AMERICAN STANDARDS THIS EQUIVALENT OF MAJOR AIR FORCE.
PROUTY, L.F. (1973). THE SECRET TEAM 41
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA-REBEL AIR FORCE BOMBED A BRITISH FREIGHTER IN GUA. PORT
ON 27 JUN 54 SUSPECTING IT WAS CARRYING WEAPONS. U.S. GOV QUIETLY SETTLED
WITH SHIP'S OWNER FOR $1 MILLION. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 340
GUATEMALA, 54 TO PROVIDE COVER FOR THE TRANSACTION, P-47S "SOLD" TO
NICARAGUAN AIR FORCE AND PAID FOR WITH $150,000 SUPPLIED BY CIA. HANEY
IMMEDIATELY SENT THE FIGHTERS ON A 72 HOUR RAMPAGE THAT TURNED THE TIDE IN
REBELS' FAVOR. BARRACKS WERE BOMBED AND MACHINE- GUNNED, AMMUNITION AND OIL
DUMPS WERE HIT AND THE POPULATION PANICKED. RADIO LIBERATION ANNOUNCED
MAJOR REBEL VICTORIES IN NONEXISTENT CLASHES. GUATEMALAN ARMY WAS
DEMORALIZED BY RADIO REPORTS CLAIMING REBEL FORCE HAD GROWN TO 5,000 MEN
AND THAT ITS RANKS WERE SWELLING BY THE HOUR. IN ACTUALITY THE ARMY OF
LIBERATION NEVER TOTALED MORE THAN 400 MEN AND REMAINED CLOSE TO ITS
HONDURAN SANCTUARY SO IT COULD FLEE AT THE FIRST SIGN OF AN ATTACK. KEPT
FROM THE "FRONT" BY SUSPICIOUS ARBENZ, FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS RELIED ON
REPORTS OF REBEL ADVANCED FED THEM BY PEURIFOY, WHO SWAGGERED ABOUT THE
CAPITAL WEARING A PISTOL. MILLER, N. (1989). SPYING FOR AMERICA 339
GUATEMALA, 54 U.S. PILOTS LIKE JERRY FRED DELARM FLEW ABOUT ONE DOZEN
WWII P-47'S AND C-47'S IN OPERATION SUCCESS. THEY TRAINED AT PUERTO
CABEZAS, NICARAGUA. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 292
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA NEGOTIATED SALE OF AIR FORCE PLANES TO NICARAGUAN AIR
FORCE, CIA PILOTS USED PLANES TO FLY SORTIES IN GUATEMALA. POWERS, T.
(1979). THE MAN WHO KEPT THE SECRETS 87
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA PROVIDED EXILES WITH MORE THAN 30 PLANES FOR USE IN
OVERTHROW OP. MEDICAL INSTITUTE SET UP TO COVER CIA INVOLVEMENT. BF 17,
115-116, 171-2, 182, 193
GUATEMALA, 54 SMALL CIA AIR FORCE OF 47 THUNDERBOLTS BOMBED GUATEMALA,
EISENHOWER'S AMBASSADOR TO UN. CATEGORICALLY DENIED ANY U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN
COUP. WISE, D. (1973). THE POLITICS OF LYING 51
GUATEMALA, 54 TO SUPPORT OVERTHROW. PRADOS, J. (1986). PRESIDENTS'
SECRET WARS 105-07
GUATEMALA, 60 CIA PROVIDED BOMBERS PILOTED BY CUBAN EXILES TO ATTACK
DISSIDENT ARMY PERSONNEL. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER
FRUIT 239
GUATEMALA. SHEEP-DIPPED AIR FORCE PERSONNEL BOMBED AND STRAFED THE REBEL
HQS TO SAVE THE YDIGORAS GVT. PROUTY, L.F. (1973). THE SECRET TEAM 41
AIRLINE
55 CIA INVESTMENT IN AN AIRLINE AT SPECIFIC REQUEST OF STATE, WHICH
FEARED USSR CONTROL OF THE AIRLINE. CIA NOT PARTICULARLY INTERESTED IN
AIRLINE. OTHER INFO SUGGESTS THIS DEALT WITH AIRPLANES FOR CASTILLO ARMAS,
WHO WAS SEEKING TO OVERTHROW ARBENZ IN GUATEMALA IN 54. MAY HAVE REFERRED
TO PROGRAM EMPLOYING U-2. JACKSON, W. (CIA STUDY DECLASSIFIED 1994). VOLUME
III, COVERT ACTIVITIES 87
GUATEMALA, 54 OVERTHROW USED CIA'S FLYING TIGERS AIRLINE. NACLA (MAGAZINE
RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P4
RICHARD C. DU PONT WAS INVOLVED IN MORE CLANDESTINE OPS. HE TURNED TO HIS
PRIVATE AIR FLEET, SUMMIT AVIATION, THE MULTI-MILLION-DOLLAR AIRPLANE
CHARTER AND OVERHAUL COMPANY THAT RICHARD HAD FOUNDED SHORTLY AFTER THE
FAILURE OF THE CIA'S INVASION OF CUBA'S BAY OF PIGS. IN 1961, RICHARD
FOUNDED SUMMIT AVIATION, APPARENTLY WITH HELP OF PATRICK J. FOLEY - A CIA
OPERATIVE. FOLEY, THE SUMMIT EXECUTIVE, INSISTED THAT ALL OF SUMMIT'S SALES
ABROAD HAD BEEN APPROVED BY THE U.S. GVT. RICHARD'S SUMMIT AVIATION HAD
CARGO PLANES WHICH MOVED HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. SUMMIT HAD A FLEET OF CESSANA
AND PIPER AIRPLANES. SOME OF THESE WERE CONVERTED INTO SOPHISTICATED
WARPLANES AND SOLD TO DICTATORSHIPS IN CARIBBEAN BASIN, INCLUDING HAITI,
HONDURAS, GUATEMALA AND SOMOZA'S NICARAGUA. [MILITARY-LIKE] MODIFICATIONS
TO AIRPLANES MADE AT SUMMIT SINCE AT LEAST 76. CONVERSION HIKES COST OF
SKYMASTER FROM $100,000 TO AS HIGH AS $500,000, TURNS CIVILIAN PLANES INTO
MINIATURE ATTACK-FIGHTER-BOMBER THAT HAS MILITARY DESIGNATION 02-337.
"CIVIC ACTION" AIRCRAFT WAS USED EXTENSIVELY IN VIETNAM FOR
COUNTERINSURGENCY OPS. FURTHER DETAILS RE PLANE MODIFICATION OP. COLBY, G.
(1984). DUPONT DYNASTY 778,785-787
SOUTHERN AIR TRANSPORT, 9 APRIL 83 CARRIES 22 TONS ARMS FROM PANAMA TO
PALMEROLA. SAT FLIES 5 FLIGHTS THRU MAY 86 CARRYING EXPLOSIVES TO
GUATEMALA, HONDURAS AND EL SALVADOR. NATIONAL SECURITY ARCHIVES. (1987).
THE CHRONOLOGY 27, 199
AMBASSADOR
CENTRAL AMERICA, 53 OPERATION SUCCESS PLANNER FRANK WISNER WAS INVOLVED
IN DECISION TO APPOINT JACK PEURIFOY AS AMBASSADOR TO GUATEMALA IN OCT 53.
CIA WANTED "DIRECT LINE" TO EMBASSY IN GUA. OTHER AMBASSADORS IN CIA "TEAM"
INCLUDED WHITING WILLAUER (HONDURAS), A CIA VET OF AGENCY'S CIVIL AIR
TRANSPORT CO IN CHINA, AND TOM WHELAN (NICARAGUA). GLIEJESES, P. (1991).
SHATTERED HOPE 252-254, 289-290
GUATEMALA, 52 THE AMBASSADOR HAD EFFECTIVELY SILENCED THE CIA BY
INSISTING THAT ALL MESSAGES MUST BE PERSONALLY APPROVED BY HIM BEFORE THEY
COULD BE SENT TO HQS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER 83
GUATEMALA 54 CLOSE RELATIONS WITH PEURIFOY. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S.
(1983). BITTER FRUIT 135
GUATEMALA, 54 BROADCASTS OF THE VOL ONE SEGMENT OF COMPLEX OP. ARMAS AND
HIS MOTLEY BAND DID "INVADE." THE DARING LOW-LEVEL RAIDS BY THE AIR FORCE,
AND AMBASSADOR PUERIFOY ACTIONS IN MEETING WITH GUATEMALANS AND BLUNTLY
TELLING THEM OF U.S. CONCERN ABOUT ARBENZ'S ALLIANCE WITH MOSCOW. BUT
PROPAGANDA OP OF VOL DECISIVE. PHILLIPS, D.A. (1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 52-3
GUATEMALA, 54 DOS SECRETARY DULLES TOLD AMBASSADOR PEURIFOY TO HAVE THE
GVT SCOUR THE COUNTRYSIDE FOR COMMUNISTS AND TO SLAP THEM WITH CRIMINAL
CHARGES. THE NATION 10/28/78 444
GUATEMALA, 54 IN OVERTHROW EISENHOWER ENLISTED ALL AMBASSADORS IN THE
AREA, GAVE A ROLE TO USIS, AS WELL AS THE US ARMY AND NAVY AND THE CIA. HE
ASKED EVERY DICTATOR IN THE AREA; I.E., TRUJILLO, BATISTA, SOMOZA, JIMENEZ,
AND OTHERS IN HONDURAS AND EL SALVADOR TO JOIN A REGION-WIDE SEIGE. THE
NATION 10/28/78 P44O
ASSASSINATIONS
GUATEMALA, 54 ONE INFORMER-PROVOCATEUR REPORTED SUCCESS ON "ONE CAMPAIGN
TO TERRORIZE COMMUNIST LEADERS." HIS GROUP HARASSED PRO-ARBENZ LEADERS IN
GUATEMALAN CONGRESS. AFTER ONE LEADER SHOT, NOTES SAYING, YOU ARE NEXT, ARE
PLANTED IN CARS OR MAILED TO HOMES OF OTHER DEPUTIES. COOK, B. (1981). THE
DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 265
JACK ANDERSON REPORTS CIA OPS OF SENDING ARMS TO REBELS IN AFGHANISTAN;
SUPPORTING EGYPT AND TURKEY IN OPS AGAINST IRAN; BACKING THE POL POT FORCES
IN CAMBODIA; TRAINING CUBAN ASSASSINATION SQUADS IN GUATEMALA AND WORKING
WITH ISRAEL TO DISRUPT THE PLO. WP 8/27/81 FROM PARAPOLITICS/USA 10/31/81
P7
LATIN AMERICA, 46-94 SCHOOL OF AMERICAS (SOA) ESTABLISHED IN PANAMA IN 46
- BY 60S HAD SPAWNED SO MANY DICTATORS THAT IT KNOWN AS ESCUELA DE GOLPES
OR SCHOOL OF COUPS. SOA MOVED TO FORT BENNING IN 84 AFTER BEING KICKED OUT
OF PANAMA. PAPER CALLED IT "THE SCHOOL OF ASSASSINS." THOSE WHO ATTENDED
INCLUDE SOLDIERS OF GEN BANZER OF BRAZIL; SOMOZAS OF NICARAGUA; EL
SALVADORANS - ALL WERE TOP CLIENTS OF SOA. SOA TRAINED MORE THAN 56,000
SOLDIERS FROM 18 LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES IN LOW-INTENSITY WARFARE,
PSYCHOLOGICAL OPS (PSYOPS), COUNTER-INSURGENCY, COMMANDO OPS, INTERROGATION
METHODS AND INTEL. ABOUT 1600 GRADUATES EACH YEAR. U.S. TRAINERS GIVE ONLY
LIP SERVICE TO HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY. A FORMER INSTRUCTOR AT SOA,
MAJOR JOSEPH BLAIR, SAID, "IN THREE YEARS (86-89) AT SOA I NEVER HEARD OF
SUCH LOFTY GOALS AS PROMOTING FREEDOM, DEMOCRACY OR HUMAN RIGHTS..." SOME
GRADUATES ARE NORIEGA OF PANAMA, GEN BANZER, BRUTAL DICTATOR OF BOLIVIA
FROM 71-78; SALVADORAN DEATH SQUAD LEADER D'AUBUISSON; GEN GRAMAJO FORMER
DEFENSE MINISTER OF GUATEMALA; AND ARGENTINE JUNTA LEADER GALTIERE WHO
OVERSAW DIRTY WAR WHEN 30,000 SUSPECTED DISSIDENTS TORTURED AND KILLED. UN
TRUTH COMMISSION REPORT OF 93 CITED MANY SOA GRADUATES OF ATROCITIES.
PAYMENT FOR STUDENTS AT SOA THRU U.S. INTERNATIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION AND
TRAINING PROGRAM (IMET) AND FOREIGN MILITARY SALES (FMS). KENNEDY'S TRIED
TO LEGISLATE CLOSING OF SOA BUT LOST. AUTHOR OF ARTICLE IS ROY BOURGEOIS, A
CATHOLIC PRIEST WITH MARYKNOLL ORDER WHO FOUNDED SOA WATCH. Z 9/94 14-6
GUATEMALA, 68-88 TWO DECADES OF SLAUGHTER HAS RESULTED IN 100,000
POLITICAL ASSASSINATIONS AND 40,000 DISAPPEARED. FROM 2 BOOKS "REFUGEES OF
A HIDDEN WAR" BY MANZ AND GUATEMALA: ETERNAL SPRING ETERNAL TYRANNY."
REVIEWED IN THE NATION 10/3/88 285-6
GUATEMALA. CIA TRAINED FORCES IN ASSASSINATION. GREEN BERET TRAINING IN CI.
BLUM, W. (1986). THE CIA A FORGOTTEN HISTORY 271
ASSETS
CUBA, 61 CIA'S BASE FOR BAY OF PIGS OPERATION - A TWO-STORIED BARRACKS AT
U.S. NAVY AIR BASE IN OPA-LOCKA, FL - WAS SAME FACILITY USED TO MOUNT
OPERATIONS AGAINST GUATEMALA IN 1954 COUP. WYDEN, P. (1979). BAY OF PIGS
THE UNTOLD STORY 20
GUATEMALA, 53-54 OPA LOCKA AIR BASE, FL, SERVED AS MAIN TRAINING BASE FOR
CIA OP SUCCESS. AL HANEY WAS SUMMONED FROM HIS COS POSITION IN SEOUL KOREA
TO HEAD UP EFFORT. HOWARD HUNT WAS POLITICAL ACTION OFFICER. IN FEB 54,
TRAINING INITIATED AT MOMOTOMOBITO, AN ISLAND IN LAKE MANAGUA AND AT SOMOZA
ESTATE OF EL TAMARINDO. OPA LOCKA AND WASHINGTON WERE DUAL HQ'S IN OP
SUCCESS. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 289-290,292
GUATEMALA, 54 THE FIELD HQS FOR THE GUATEMALAN OP WAS A TWO-STORY
BARRACKS AT THE MARINE AIR BASE AT OPA LOCKA, FLORIDA. HUNT, H.J. (1974).
UNDERCOVER 98
GUATEMALA, CUBA, 60 CIA INITIATED A BASE AT PLANTATION KNOWN AS HELVETIA
IN SIERRA MADRE MOUNTAINS OF GUATEMALA. PLANTATION WAS OWN BY ROBERTO
ALLEJOS, BROTHER OF GUA. AMBASSADOR TO U.S., CARLOS ALLEJOS. INITIALLY,
BASE WAS INTENDED TO TRAIN TWENTY RADIO OPERATORS. LATER A $1.8 MILLION
AIRFIELD WAS ESTABLISHED AND FACILITIES FOR 1400 TRAINEES WERE BUILT.
(PHOTO) WYDEN, P. (1979). BAY OF PIGS THE UNTOLD STORY 35,37
BOOK
CENTRAL AMERICA, 87 "THE SECRET WAR IN CENTRAL AMERICA: SANDINISTA
ASSAULT ON WORLD ORDER," BY JOHN NORTON MOORE, PUBLISHED BY UNIVERSITY
PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA. BOOK EXPOSES SANDINISTA WAR AGAINST EL SALVADOR,
GUATEMALA, HONDURAS AND COSTA RICA. BOOK REVEALS "THE PATTERN OF
SOVIET-CUBAN AGGRESSION IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND WORLDWIDE MARXIST NETWORK
SUPPORTING `WARS OF NATIONAL LIBERATION.'" MOORE IS DIRECTOR OF CENTER FOR
LAW AT U. OF VIRGINA LAW SCHOOL. WP BOOKWORLD 1/11/87 1/11/87 9
GUATEMALA, 53-54 ARBENZ GVT BEGAN LEGAL EXPROPRIATION OF 178,000 ACRES OF
UNITED FRUIT COMPANY LAND. UF ASKED FOR 16 MILLION, ARBENZ OFFERED A
24-YEAR BOND VALUED AT $525,000. VALUE LOW AS IT BASED ON VALUE COMPANY HAD
PLACED ON PROPERTY FOR TAX PURPOSES. UF DISTRIBUTED SEVERAL HUNDRED COPIES
OF BOOK, REPORT ON NICARAGUA, THAT BEGAN: "A MOSCOW-DIRECTED COMMUNIST
CONSPIRACY IN CENTRAL AMERICA IS ONE OF SOVIET UNION'S MOST SUCCESSFUL
OPERATIONS OF INFILTRATION OUTSIDE OF IRON CURTAIN COUNTRIES." AUTHOR
REFUSED TO HAVE NAME ON BOOK. COPIES DISTRIBUTED TO EVERY MEMBER OF
CONGRESS WHO WOULD ACCEPT IT. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE
TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 49
GUATEMALA, 54 DOCUMENTS REMOVED FROM GUATEMALA IN JULY 54. PART OF
CLEANUP OF STATE DEPT-CIA OP A COMMITTEE "SEIZED FILES OF ALL
COMMUNIST-INFILTRATED ORGS AND LEADING FIGURES OF ARBENZ REGIME." 50,000
DOCS MICROFILMED USED TO FORM BASIS OF BOOK, "COMMUNISM IN GUATEMALA,"
1944-1954, BY RONALD M. SCHNEIDER - PUBLISHED BY FREDERICK A. PRAEGER
SERIES IN RUSSIAN HISTORY AND WORLD COMMUNISM (1958), SUBSEQUENTLY REVEALED
TO BE A CIA-SPONSORED PROJECT UNDER FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER
375-76 N 2
GUATEMALA, 44-54 COLD-WAR SCHOLAR RONALD SCHNEIDER PUBLISHED IN 58 A
SCHOLARLY ACCOUNT OF THE COMMUNIST TAKEOVER UNDER ARBENZ "COMMUNISM IN
GUATEMALA." SCHNEIDER GIVEN ACCESS TO MORE THAN 50,000 INTERNAL DOCS. BOOK
MADE NO MENTION OF U.S. ROLE IN OVERTHROW GVT. WHEN HE WROTE BOOK SCHNEIDER
EMPLOYED BY THE U. OF PENNSYLVANIA'S RIGHT-WING COLD-WAR THINK TANK, THE
FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (FPRI). IT CLAIMED SCHNEIDER GOT DOCS
THRU THE STATE DEPT, IT MORE LIKELY THAT HIS CONTACTS WERE THE CIA, WHICH
WAS FUNDING THE FPRI. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA
83-4
GUATEMALA, 52-55 UNITED FRUIT PAID CLEMENTS TO WRITE STUDY "REPORT ON
GUATEMALA-1952" AND SENT IT TO MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. SOME OF ITS DEFAMATORY
RESEARCH FOUND ITS WAY INTO STATE DEPARTMENTS'S WHITE PAPER ON GUATEMALA
ISSUED IN 1954. IN 53 CLEMENTS PUT TOGETHER ANOTHER DOCUMENT, A SHRILL
PROTEST AGAINST AMERICA'S REFUSAL TO REMOVE THE GUATEMALAN GVT CALLED
"REPORT ON CENTRAL AMERICA 1954". BOTH CLEMENT'S WORKS RCVD BY CIA WHICH
TOOK CHARGE DISTRIBUTING TO GVT OFFICIALS AS CIA'S OWN. SCHLESINGER, S., &
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 95
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER CIA-BACKED COUP CIA COUNTERINTEL OFFICERS SENT TO
GUATEMALA TO GATHER COMMIE DOCUMENTS. GATHERED OVER 50,000 FILES WHICH
LATER FORMED THE BASIS OF HISTORIAN RONALD SCHNEIDER'S BOOK "COMMUNISM IN
GUATEMALA," PUBLISHED IN 59 AS "OFFICIAL" HISTORY OF THE GUATEMALAN COUP.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 220
GUATEMALA, 54 CARLOS MANUEL PELLECER, A LONG TIME COMMUNIST, AFTER
CIA-BACKED COUP, BEGAN WRITING ANTI-COMMUNIST BOOKLETS UNDER CIA
SPONSORSHIP. "BEST DEAL I EVER HAD," SAID MEXICAN PRINTER. "THE CIA PAYS
FOR THE PRINTING, AND THEN THEY BUY ALL COPIES." SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER,
S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 230
GUATEMALA, 54 DANIEL JAMES PUBLISHED A BOOK "RED DESIGN FOR THE
AMERICAS" WHICH OFFERED A RATIONALE FOR OVERTHROWING ARBENZ GVT. CIA
INDIRECTLY PLAYED ROLE IN PRODUCTION OF BOOK: JAMES PUBLISHER, JOHN DAY,
WAS LATER UNMASKED AS A CONDUIT OF CIA. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S.
(1983). BITTER FRUIT 89
BOOK REVIEW
GUATEMALA, 44-54 "SHATTERED HOPE: THE GUATEMALAN REVOLUTION AND THE
UNITED STATES, 1944-54" BY PIERO GLEIJESES. REVIEWED BY SAM LANDAU. THE
PROGRESSIVE 12/91 42-43
GUATEMALA, 68-88 TWO DECADES OF SLAUGHTER HAS RESULTED IN 100,000
POLITICAL ASSASSINATIONS AND 40,000 DISAPPEARED. FROM 2 BOOKS "REFUGEES OF
A HIDDEN WAR" BY MANZ; AND, "GUATEMALA: ETERNAL SPRING ETERNAL TYRANNY."
REVIEWED IN THE NATION 10/3/88 285-6
GUATEMALA, NICARAGUA, 80-91 ARTICLE "HOW KINZER CHANGED WITH TIMES," ALSO
REVIEWS BOOKS BY KINZER. BLOOD BROTHERS: LIFE AND WAR IN NICARAGUA. A NEW
YORK TIMES CORRESPONDENT'S EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT; AND, "BITTER FRUIT: UNTOLD
STORY OF THE AMERICAN COUP IN GUATEMALA." KINZER SEES THE FLAWS OF THE
SANDINISTAS AS JUSTIFICATION FOR THE UNJUSTIFIABLE CONTRA WAR. IN THESE
TIMES 6/25/91 18,19
LATIN AMERICA, 00-91 "ONLY ONCE IN THIS CENTURY HAS U.S. ACTIVELY
INTERVENED TO OVERTHROW A DEMOCRATIC, LEGALLY CONSTITUTED L.A. GVT.
(GUATEMALA IN 54)." BOOK: SHATTERED HOPE THE GUATEMALAN REVOLUTION AND THE
U.S., BY GLEIJESES. WP BOOKWORLD 6/23/91 8,9
BRIBERY
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA ATTEMPTED BRIBE ARMY OFFICERS TO DEFECT. SCHLESINGER,
S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 139
BUDGET
BETWEEN 81-86 , CASEY GOT 25 TO 35% ANNUAL BUDGET INCREASES FOR CIA.
UNDER CASEY CIA INITIATED MORE THAN 50 MAJOR COVERT OPS ON EVERY CONTINENT.
BY 84 THERE SOME 20 OPS IN AFRICA ALONE. AT PRESENT THERE MAJOR COVERT
OPS IN NICARAGUA, EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, COSTA RICA, SURINAME,
MEXICO, AFGHANISTAN, IRAN, ETHIOPIA, LIBYA, CHAD, LEBANON, SEYCHELLES,
SOUTH AFRICA, MOZAMBIQUE, ANGOLA, ZAIRE, PHILIPPINES, VIETNAM, LAOS, AND
OTHERS. COVERT ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 87 28
GUATEMALA, 54 OVERTHROW OP HAD ITS OWN BUDGET AND COST BETWEEN 5 AND 7
MILLION. FT. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES 226
GUATEMALA, SINCE 83 AIFLD OFFICIAL BUDGET 300,000. FIGURE DOES NOT
INCLUDE TRAINING FUNDS AND AID, USIA MONEY. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D.
(1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA 22
COMMUNIST THREAT
GUATEMALA, 52 MEMO TO DDP FROM J. CLADWELL KING, SA/DD/P-LA. [THE
COMMUNISTS ARE COMING]. WARNER, M. (ED.). (1994). CIA HISTORY STAFF. THE
CIA UNDER HARRY TRUMAN 452-3
GUATEMALA, 54 IN 51 ARBENZ ELECTED. 2% PEOPLE OWNED 70% OF LAND. UNITED
FRUIT EXPLOITED WORKFORCE. IN 3/53 CIA BACKED RIGHT WINGERS WITH MONEY AND
ARMS, BUT UPRISING FAILED. 5/54 CIA USED CZECH SHIPMENT OF ARMS AS PRETEXT.
PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN MOUNTED IN LATIN AMERICAN PRESS THAT ARBENZ A
COMMUNIST. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). KGB/CIA 56-7
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA PLANES PARACHUTED RUSSIAN-MADE ARMS TO MAKE THE CLAIM
THAT THE SOVIETS WERE TRYING TO ESTABLISH A BEACHHEAD. COMMANDO RAIDS BY
CIA OPERATIVES KNOCKED OUT RAILROAD LINES, A FEW SHIPS AND SOME TRAINS. THE
NATION 10/28/78 P443
GUATEMALA, 54 COMMUNISM USED AS TOOL TO RALLY CENTRAL AMERICAN SUPPORT
AND AS EXCUSE TO OVERTHROW NATIONALIST, ANTI-IMPERIALIST GVT OF ARBENZ.
A.A. BERLE SENT OUTLINE PLAN FOR OVERTHROW OF GVT. COOK, B. (1981). THE
DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 230-234
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA STASHED MANY ARMS IN CANAL ZONE. OTHER CIA UNITS
GATHERED SOVIET-MARKED WEAPONS TO PLANT INSIDE GUATEMALA JUST BEFORE
INVASION TO REINFORCE AMERICAN CHARGES THAT RUSSIANS TRYING TO ESTABLISH A
FOOTHOLD. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 115
GUATEMALA, 54 AMBASSADOR JOHN PUERIFOY TOLD "TIME" MAGAZINE REPORTER
"PUBLIC OPINION" IN U.S. MIGHT FORCE ACTIONS TO PREVENT GUATEMALA FALLING
INTO LAP INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM. PRES. EISENHOWER TALKED ABOUT EVIDENCE
AGENTS INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM BUT LITTLE EVIDENCE. PRADOS, J. (1986).
PRESIDENTS' SECRET WARS 102
GUATEMALA, CIRCA 50 USIA IN GUATEMALA ESTABLISHES ANTI-ARBENZ NEWS
SERVICE WHICH DISTRIBUTED BLACK PROPAGANDA LABELLING GVT OFFICIALS AND
LABOR LEADERS COMMUNISTS. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL
AMERICA 20
GUATEMALA, 54 USIA AKA USIS MOBILIZED ALL RESOURCES SUPPORT OVERTHROW OP
TRIED CONVINCE OAS THERE COMMUNIST THREAT. FLOODED CENTRAL AMER WITH
PAMPHLETS, TAPE RECORDINGS, PLANTED STORIES NEWSPAPERS AND RADIO PROGRAMS
ALL DESIGNED TO PROVE ARBENZ A COMMUNIST. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S
SPIES 227
GUATEMALA. ARMS SHIPMENT 54 FOSTER DULLES ANNOUNCED ARMS SHIPMENT RECV IN
GUATEMALA FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND ALLEN DULLES SAID COMMUNISTS TRYING EST
FOOTHOLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES 216
GUATEMALA, COORDINATION, 54 USIA MOBILIZED ALL RESOURCES TO CONVINCE OAS
THAT THERE GENUINE COMMUNIST THREAT GUATEMALA. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S
SPIES 227
IN OVERTHROWING GVTS CIA LABELS THEM LEFTISTS AS IN IRAN 53 ARBENZ IN
GUATEMALA IN 54 CASTRO, PATRICE LUMUMBA AND ALLENDE OF CHILE. ALL CALLED
COMMUNISTS AND CIA SOUGHT TO DRIVE THEM FROM POWER. IN EACH CASE, EXCEPT
CUBA, CIA SUCCESSFUL. HALPERIN, M. H. ET AL. (1976). THE LAWLESS STATE
22,39-40, 41
LATIN AMERICA. AIFLD DREW 92% BUDGET OF 6 MILLION FROM AID AND STATE DEPT
AND REPORTED RCV SIZEABLE FUNDS FROM CIA. MONEY USED TO TRAIN 300,000 AT
ITS FRONT ROYAL SCHOOL IN VA. WHERE COURSES HEAVILY SPIKED WITH PRO-U.S.
ANTI-COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA. AIFLD USED SUPPORT MILITARY COUPS IN GUATEMALA,
BRAZIL, AND CHILE AND TERRORISM AND RACIAL VIOLENCE AGAINST JAGAN GVT
GUYANA. LERNOUX, P. (1982). CRY OF THE PEOPLE 211
CONFLICT, LI
EL SALVADOR, 83-84 TEXT OF AN NSC DOC "U.S. POLICY IN C.A. AND CUBA
THROUGH F.Y.84, SUMMARY PAPER," ON A MEETING OF THE NSC PLANNING GROUP
4/82. DOC CALLS FOR KEEPING THE NICARAGUAN GVT FROM "EXPORTING REVOLUTION,"
AND TO STRENGTHEN PRO-U.S. ELEMENTS IN EL SALVADOR AND GUATEMALA. IT
APPROVES THE BEGINNING OF COVERT OPS IN GUATEMALA AGAINST ANTI-GVT FORCES
AND AN EFFORT TO KEEP MEXICO "ISOLATED" FROM C.A. ISSUES. GROUP DISCUSSED
MAKING CONCERTED EFFORT TO INCREASE FACTIONAL STRIFE AMONG GUERRILLA GROUPS
AND THEIR POLITICAL ALLIES IN EL SALVADOR. PROPOSED STEPPING UP EFFORTS TO
COOPT CONGRESSIONAL EFFORTS TO LINK APPROVAL OF AID TO PROMOTION OF TALKS
BETWEEN WARRING SIDES IN C.A. NEW YORK TIMES 4/7/83 A1,16
GUATEMALA, 52-86 "GUATEMALA: THE POLITICS OF COUNTER INSURGENCY" BY TOM
BERRY OF THE RESOURCE CENTER
GUATEMALA, ISRAEL, 84 GUATEMALA PURCHASED 12,000 RIFLES FROM ISRAEL FOR
ARMING THE CIVIL DEFENSE PATROLS. ISRAEL COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY USED TO
UPGRADE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE POLICE AND MILITARY. TECHNOLOGY USED TO TRACK
THE ACTIVITIES OF THE GUERRILLAS AND TO COORDINATE ALL OF GUATEMALA'S
SECURITY FORCES. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 4/87 P34
LATIN AMERICA, 80-91 THOUSANDS EL SALVADOR SOLDIERS RCVD TRG AT SCHOOL OF
THE AMERICAS (SOA) AT FORT BENNING IN COLUMBUS GA. IN BRAZIL, GUATEMALA,
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC TORTURE AND DEATH SQUADS FOLLOW CLOSELY U.S.
INTERVENTION AND TRG. SOA MOVED TO BENNING FROM PANAMA IN 84. EST IN 46
TO TRAIN OFFICERS AND FOSTER ANTI-COMMUNISM, ITS GRADUATES RETURN AND
OVERTHROW CONSTITUTIONAL GVTS AND SET UP REPRESSIVE REGIMES. RECORD OF
ABUSES BY SALVADORANS. LIES OF OUR TIME 6/91 11
PUBLICATIONS: LIC: NEW BATTLEFIELD IN CENTRAL AMERICA (1986); AND,
GUATEMALA: POLITICS OF COUNTERINSURGENCY (1986). RESOURCE CENTER CATALOG
FALL 91 12
THAILAND, PHILIPPINES, 90-91 THAILAND'S POPULATION DATA BASE SYSTEM -
LARGEST OF ITS KIND - HAS POTENTIAL FOR MISUSE. SYSTEM BEING CONSIDERED FOR
USE BY PHILIPPINES AND INDONESIA. EVERY CITIZEN OVER 15 REQUIRED CARRY
(IDENTITY) CARD BEARING COLOR PHOTO, NAME, ADDRESS, ETC. $50 MILLION
COMPUTER SYSTEM AND SOPHISTICATED SOFTWARE TO UNABLE GVT CREATE DOSSIER
QUICKLY. SOUTH AFRICA USED SIMILAR SYSTEM ONCE. ISRAEL USES WORK-PERMIT
CARD. SINGAPORE MAY HAVE COMPUTER SYSTEM HAVE IN FUTURE. GUATEMALA
PURCHASED COMPUTER SOFTWARE FROM ISRAEL IN 80s. TAIWAN CONSIDERING SYSTEM.
TIME 6/24/91 62-3
ISRAEL, 77-85 AIDED ANTI-INSURGENCY WAR GUATEMALA; ADVISORS, SUPPLIES,
COMPUTERS. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA
CONNECTION 90
VIETNAM, 70-72 VERY SUCCESSFUL OP AGAINST VC BY PRU ADVISERS. USING
INTEL FROM POWS AND SMALL AND HIGHLY MOBILE PARAMILITARY REACTION UNIT,
BACKED BY HELICOPTER GUNSHIPS. THIS CALLED A TACTICAL TASK FORCE (TTF). THE
TTF RECOMMENDED FOR PACIFICATION IN EL SALVADOR AND GUATEMALA. EMERSON, S.
(1988). SECRET WARRIORS 126
CONSEQUENCES
CENTRAL AMERICA, 81-82 THE RESULTS OF US POLICIES IN EL SALVADOR AND
GUATEMALA. THE NATION 1/22/83 COVER
CENTRAL AMERICA, GUATEMALA, COSTA RICA, HONDURAS, EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS AND
NICARAGUA. EFFECT OF U.S. POLICIES ON THOSE COUNTRIES. CHOMSKY ARTICLE IN
Z 11/90 15-26
COUP IN IRAN THAT EXPELLED MOSSADEGH BROUGHT BACK SHAH, WHOSE MISRULE PAVED
WAY FOR KHOMEINI. 54 COUP THAT OVERTHREW GUATEMALA'S DEMOCRATICALLY ELECTED
GVT PRODUCED YEARS OF CRUEL DICTATORSHIP. PUTSCH THAT EXPELLED SUKARNO IN
INDONESIA BROUGHT MURDER AND IMPRISONMENT OF HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS.
EXAGGERATIONS OF USSR CAPABILITIES AND INTENTIONS BY VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF
INTEL COMMUNITY FED AND SUSTAINED ARMS RACE. THE NATION 6/8/92 779
GRENADA, 92 ARTICLE NOTES ST GEORGE'S'S THE CAPITAL CITY OF 7,500 BOASTS
118 OFFSHORE BANKS - THE CASABLANCA OF THE CARIBBEAN, A FAST-GROWING HAVEN
FOR MONEY-LAUNDERING, TAX EVASION AND ASSORTED FINANCIAL FRAUD. ANOTHER
SUCCESS STORY OF AMERICAN INTERVENTION FROM IRAN TO GUATEMALA, FROM ZAIRE
TO CHILE, FROM INDONESIA TO PANAMA, EVERY COUNTRY WHERE U.S. HAS
SUCCESSFULLY SUCCEEDED TO CREATE CORRUPTION, FRAUD, AND EXPLOITATION. THE
PROGRESSIVE 2/92 11
GUATEMALA, 53-73 20 YEARS AFTER OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ, AS A DIRECT RESULT
OF UNITED FRUIT'S INVOLVEMENT, UF'S 70-YEAR TENURE IN GUATEMALA CAME TO AN
END. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 62
GUATEMALA, 54-74 IN THE 20 YEARS AFTER THE 54 COUP, THE US PAID OUT $50
MILLION TO TRAIN THE MOST EFFICIENT MILITARY MACHINE IN C.A. AND FROM THE
LATE 60S, THIS MACHINE REPRESSED ALL OPPOSITION WITH SAVAGERY. WALL STREET
JOURNAL 2/24/83
GUATEMALA, 54-74 U.S. ATTEMPTS TO CONTAIN THE CLASS STRUGGLE AND TO
MAINTAIN GUATEMALA AS A PRESERVE FOR U.S. INVESTORS AMBIGUOUS. AMID AN
UNPRECEDENTED ECONOMIC BOOM FOR A TINY GROUP OF PRODUCERS AND EXPORTERS,
CONDITIONS FOR THE VAST MAJORITY ARE STEADILY WORSENING. FOR ADD DETAILS
SEE JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA 120
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER CIA OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ GVT A LENGTHY REIGN OF
TERROR FOLLOWED. 70% OF PEOPLE DISENFRANCHISED WHICH DENIED ILLITERATES THE
RIGHT TO VOTE. LABOR AND UNION RIGHTS WERE REPEALED AND 800,000 ACRES LAND
HANDED BACK TO UNITED FRUIT. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). KGB/CIA 59
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER THE CIA-LED COUP, ARMAS, UNDER US PRESSURE BEGAN TO
PERSECUTE HUNDREDS FOR VAGUE COMMUNIST CRIMES; HE RESCINDED THE AGRARIAN
REFORM LAWS, HANDED BACK ALL OF UNITED FRUIT'S SEIZED LAND, AND ESTABLISHED
A RUTHLESS AUTHORITARIAN REGIME. GUATEMALA'S FRAGILE DEMOCRACY WAS
IRREPARABLY SHATTERED. SUCCESSIVE COUPS, FIXED ELECTIONS AND RIGHTIST
REGIMES FOLLOWED. THE NATION 10/28/78 P444
GUATEMALA, 54 BRIEF ARTICLE ON ANNIVERSARY OF CIA-ORCHESTRATED COUP IN
GUATEMALA. PHIL ROETINGER WRITES THAT HE WAS IN CIA AT TIME AND HELPED
OVERTHROW THE GVT. CIA RECRUITED A TRAITOR WITHIN ARBENZ GVT WHO CONVINCED
ARBENZ TO ABDICATE TO PREVENT LOSS OF LIFE - THIS TRAITOR LATER INSTALLED
AS PRESIDENT AND STILL LATER WAS ASSASSINATED. GUATEMALA HAS BEEN RULED BY
VICIOUS DICTATORS SINCE. UNCLASSIFIED 8/94 20
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA-SPONSORED TAKEOVER HAD IMMENSE LONG-RANGE CONSEQUENCES
FOR THE US. THE NATION 10/28/78 P439
GUATEMALA, 60-90 HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS SAY AT LEAST 40,000 GUATEMALANS
"DISAPPEARED" IN LAST 3 DECADES. MOST WERE POOR INDIANS. ANTHROPOLOGISTS,
LED BY CLYDE SNOW, DUG AWAY AT A VILLAGE SITE. MARIA LOPEZ HAD A HUSBAND
AND A SON IN ONE GRAVE. SHE SAID ON MORNING OF VALENTINE'S DAY 82, MEMBERS
OF ANTI-GUERRILLA MILITIA TOOK HER HUSBAND AND OTHERS. THEY HAD REFUSED TO
JOIN MILITIAS KNOWN AS CIVIL SELF-DEFENSE PATROLS AND WERE KILLED. SIX
KNOWN CLANDESTINE GRAVES IN SAN JOSE PACHO. HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS BLAME MOST
DISAPPEARANCES ON ARMY-RUN CIVIL SELF-DEFENSE PATROLS SET UP UNDER
PRESIDENCIES OF GEN LUCAS GARCIA AND BRIG. GEN. RIOS MONTT. THERE ARE
HUNDREDS OF CLANDESTINE GRAVES FILLED WITH VICTIMS OF THE MILITIAS,
RIGHT-WING DEATH SQUADS AND BRUTAL COUNTERINSURGENCY CAMPAIGNS. WASHINGTON
TIMES 8/5/92 A9
GUATEMALA, 66-88 U.S. MILITARY ADVISERS HELPED IN CI CAMPAIGN THAT
VIRTUALLY WIPED OUT 8000 PEASANT LIVES IN 2 YEARS. ALLOWED THE POLICE TO
DISMEMBER OPPOSITION NEWSPAPERS, THE UNIVERSITY AND POLITICAL ORGS. NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P8
GUATEMALA, 70-72 UNDER ARANA PRESIDENCY, WITH MARIO SANDOVAL ALARCON AND
OTHERS INVOLVED IN RIGHT-WING TERRORISM, ARANA UNLEASHED ONE OF THE MOST
GRUESOME SLAUGHTERS IN RECENT LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY (ONLY IN CHILE,
FOLLOWING THE COUP AGAINST ALLENDE WAS THE DEGREE OF VIOLENCE GREATER). THE
NYT REPORTED IN JUNE 71 THAT AT LEAST 2000 GUATEMALANS WERE ASSASSINATED
BETWEEN 11/70 AND 5/71; MOST CORPSES SHOWED SIGNS OF TORTURE. MOST OF
KILLING ATTRIBUTED TO THE OFFICIALLY SUPPORTED TERRORIST ORGS OJO POR OJO
(AN EYE FOR AN EYE) AND MANO BLANCA. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974).
GUATEMALA 202-3
GUATEMALA, 78-85 THE GUATEMALAN ARMY, BACKED BY THE U.S., HAS KILLED
PERHAPS 100,000 UNARMED CIVILIANS SINCE 78. THE PROGRESSIVE 7/86 P6
GUATEMALA, 80-85 SEE ARTICLE IN NACLA "UNDER THE GUN," ABOUT THE
MILITARY'S DOMINATION OF GUATEMALA FOR THE LAST THREE DECADES. NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 12/85 P10-23
GUATEMALA, 80-92 GUATEMALA HAS POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND A RETURN TO
CIVILIAN RULE. CHANGES SINCE 85 DRAMATIC. BUT FUTURE STILL LOOKS GRIM.
HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES CONTINUE, UNADDRESSED ARE NATION'S DEEPEST STRUCTURAL
WEAKNESSES: CONCENTRATION OF LAND AND WEALTH, NO COMMITMENT TO LONG TERM
INVESTMENTS, MARGINALIZATION OF INDIAN AND RURAL POPULATION, AND
UNRESPONSIVNESS OF STATE TO BASIC NEEDS OF CITIZENS. RESOURCE CENTER
BULLETIN SUMMER (8) 92 8 PAGES
GUATEMALA, 80-93 GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION/USA REPORT
"CONFRONTING THE HEART OF DARKNESS - AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TORTURE
IN GUATEMALA." JUNE 93 99 PAGES
GUATEMALA, 86 ARBENZ'S GVT PERCEIVED AS THREAT TO US CORPORATE INTERESTS
AND SEC OF STATE FOSTER DULLES AND HIS BROTHER DCI ALLEN, BOTH WITH
LONG-STANDING LINKS TO UNITED FRUIT, OPENED BOTH A DIPLOMATIC AND COVERT
OFFENSIVE AGAINST ARBENZ. AFTER THE GVT OVERTHROWN ALL REFORMS WERE
DISMANTLED, AGRARIAN REFORM REVERSED, POPULAR ORGS WERE OUTLAWED, THEIR
LEADERS KILLED OR EXILED, THE CONSTITUTION WAS ABROGATED. NACLA (MAGAZINE
RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P4
GUATEMALA, 89-90 GUATEMALAN RIGHTS PERFORMANCE DETERIORATES DESPITE
PROMISES. PRESIDENT FAILS TO REIN IN VIOLATORS, SAID TO INCLUDE MILITARY.
WASHINGTON POST 4/13/90 A20
GUATEMALA, 89 CLIMATE OF TERROR AGAIN GRIPS GUATEMALA; KILLERS, BOMBERS
SAID TO TARGET CIVIL RULE. WASHINGTON POST 9/29/89 A45
GUATEMALA, 92 RIGHTS ABUSES IN GUATEMALA CONTINUE, PARAMILITARY CIVILIAN
PATROLS - SELF DEFENSE PATROLS, ACCUSED OF CAMPAIGN OF TERROR, CONTROL
RURAL AREAS. PATROLS ANSWER TO MILITARY. WASHINGTON POST 10/4/92 A35
LATIN AMERICA, 93 LATIN AMERICAN DEMOCRACIES ARE TRYING TO WARD OFF
"FUJIMORI CIRCUS." DETAILS SITUATIONS IN NICARAGUA, PERU, BRAZIL,
VENEZUELA, GUATEMALA, COLUMBIA, CHILE, PANAMA, AND EL SALVADOR. U.S. NEWS
& WORLD REPORT 8/23/93 38-9
CONTRAGATE
84-85 SECORD'S DESCRIPTION OF CONTRAGATE. FIRST SHIPMENTS TO CALERO FROM
CHINA (PRC) WHICH OFFERED TERRIFIC PRICES ON HIGH-QUALITY GOODS. LATER GOT
ARMS FROM POLAND AND USED FALSE END-USER CERTIFICATES FROM POLAND FOR SOUTH
YEMEN, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS OR NIGERIA OR CHINA'S FAVORITE PLACE, SOMALIA.
SECORD'S MARKUP OF 20 TO 30%. ENERGY RESOURCES, INC. CONTROLLED BY SECORD.
DESCRIPTION OF SECORD'S "AIR FORCE." MOST IMPORTANT ASSET ILOPANGO, EL
SALVADOR. U.S. AMBASSADOR, U.S. MILITARY GROUP CHIEF AND LOCAL CIA CHIEF
KNEW OF OP. GHORBANIFAR (GROSSEST, BALD-FACED LIAR) IN EARLY 70s WAS
CONTRACT AGENT FOR SAVAK AND OWNED A FREIGHT-FORWARDING BUSINESS, STARLINE
INTERNATIONAL - A KIND OF OCEANGOING AIR AMERICA. NIMRODI A MOSSAD FIELD
AGENT AGAINST ARAB TARGETS IN EARLY YEARS OF ISRAELI STATE. AFTER 2/86
SECORD'S BUSINESSES BECOMING TOO WELL KNOWN, HAKIM CREATED NEW OPERATING
COMPANIES: GULF MARKETING, INC. FOR MIDDLE EAST; DOLMY, INC. TO PROCURE A
SHIP; AND HYDE PARK SQUARE, INC. AND UDALL RESEARCH CORPORATION FOR LATIN
AMERICA. SECORD, R. (1992). HONORED AND BETRAYED: IRANGATE, COVERT AFFAIRS,
AND THE SECRET WAR IN LAOS PASSIM
ALAN FRIERS (CIA'S C/CATF) BRIEFED MCFARLANE ON POLITICAL ACTION PROGRAMS
RE NICARAGUA. DISCUSSED QUID PRO QUO WITH GUATEMALA. USG 42-PAGE DOC AT
NORTH'S TRIAL P19
CENTRAL AMERICA, 83-87 NORTH CREDITED CASEY FOR GIVING NAMES OF CENTRAL
AMERICANS WOULD WOULD SUPPORT CONTRAS IN EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, COSTA RICA
AND GUATEMALA - THEY ALL HAD WORKED FOR CIA BEFORE. DRAPER. T. (1991). A
VERY THIN LINE 110
CENTRAL AMERICA, 86 U.S. OFFICIAL MET WITH PRES CEREZO OF GUATEMALA IN
86. CEREZO TOLD HIM GUATEMALA WOULD PURSUE U.S. GOALS IN C.A. INCLUDING
SUPPORT FOR THE CONTRAS, BUT HE WANTED ADDITIONAL MILITARY AID FROM THE
U.S. IN RETURN. (FROM 42 PAGE GVT DOC RELEASED FOR NORTH'S TRIAL).
WASHINGTON POST 4/7/89
GUATEMALA, 85 GUATEMALA HAD PROVIDED $8 MILLION IN END-USER
CERTIFICATES. USG 42-PAGE DOC AT NORTH'S TRIAL P24
IN 11/ 84 A CIA OFFICER REPORTED GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS HAD SUPPORTED
CONTRAS. GUATEMALA GAVE AIRCRAFT. HONDURAS HAD PERMITTED CONTRAS OPERATE IN
ITS BORDERS, HAD REPAIRED AIRCRAFT AT NO COST, HAD GIVEN FALSE END-USER
CERTIFICATES. USG 42-PAGE DOC AT NORTH'S TRIAL 4/6/89 P16
NICARAGUA, 83-86 SECORD DEVELOPED CONTRA AIR FORCE OF HALF A DOZEN AGING
PLANES FLOWN BY FORMER NATIONAL GUARD PILOTS. OLD C-7S AND C-123S. UF 256.
PURCHASED SA-7 ANTI AIRCRAFT MISSILES FROM CHINA. FOR CHINA TO HAVE
DENIABILITY, GUATEMALA ISSUED END-USER CERTIFICATES. NORTH, O. (1991).
UNDER FIRE 258
NICARAGUA, 84-89 ADM THROUGHOUT PERIOD OF BOLAND AMENDMENT CONSTRAINTS
WAS SEEKING MILITARY AID FOR CONTRAS FROM 10 COUNTRIES INCLUDING ISRAEL,
SOUTH KOREA, TAIWAN, CHINA, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, AND PANAMA. WASHINGTON
POST 4/9/89 A19
NICARAGUA, COSTA RICA, 84-86 TESTIMONY OF RAFAEL QUINTERO, A CIA
PROTEGE, WHO SAID HE GOT 228,000 TO ESTABLISH AN AIRSTRIP IN COSTA RICA FOR
A SOUTHERN FRONT. HE ARRANGED ARMS SHIPMENTS THRU HONDURAS AND GUATEMALA.
QUINTERO RECRUITED IN 84 BY SECORD. NORTH RAN MEETINGS. FINAL ARBITER OF
SUPPLIES VIA EL SALVADOR WAS COL STEELE, HEAD US MILITARY ADVISER AND JOE
FERNANDEZ COS COSTA RICA FOR SUPPLIES VIA COSTA RICA. WASHINGTON POST
3/3/89 A4
NICARAGUA, IRAN, 85-87 "SELF-SUSTAINING, OFF-THE-SHELF," OP FOR CONTRAS.
OPS COMMAND OF OP TRANSFERRED FROM CIA TO NSC THOUGH DCI CASEY, FIERS AND
JOSEPH FERNANDEZ REMAINED HEAVILY INVOLVED. FORMER COVERT OPERATIVES
"PRIVATE BENEFACTORS," ENLISTED FOR DAY-TO-DAY OPS. BY 10/84 "ENTERPRISE" -
A PSUEDO-PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANIZATION ALREADY CONDUCTING COVERT OPS IN
CENTRAL AMERICA. ENTERPRISE WAS SECRET ARM OF NSC STAFF. THIRD COUNTRY
FUNDING. IN 83 CIA/PENTAGON OP TIPPED KETTLE, ISRAELIS GAVE PENTAGON $10
MILLION IN ARMS TAKEN FROM PLO. SOUTH AFRICA CASE AND DUANE CLARRIDGE.
SAUDI ARABIA WAS PAY DIRT. SAUDI PROVIDING ILLICIT FUNDING FOR WAR IN
AFGHANISTAN WAS ALSO A KEY CONTRA DONOR AND GAVE 32 MILLION. NORTH AND 2
MILLION LOAN FROM TAIWAN.. REAGAN ADM ALSO APPROACHED CHINA, SOUTH KOREA,
SINGAPORE, BRUNEI, CHILE, VENEZUELA, GUATEMALA, EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS,
COSTA RICA, PANAMA AND ENGLAND FOR SUPPORT. QUID PRO QUO ARRANGEMENTS. BUSH
PARTICIPATED. BRUNEI PROJECT. NORIEGA INITIATIVE. KORNBLUH P. & BYRNE, M.
(1993). THE IRAN-CONTRA SCANDAL: THE DECLASSIFIED HISTORY 59-65
ON 6/25/ 84 THE NSC PLANNING GROUP (NSPG) INCLUDING REAGAN, BUSH, SHULTZ,
WEINBERGER, DCI CASEY, KIRKPATRICK, VESSEY, ADM MOREAU, MEESE, MCFARLANE,
POINDEXTER (AMONG OTHERS) CONSIDERED QUID PRO QUO ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTRAS
WITH EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, AND HONDURAS. IN FALL 84 CIA STATIONS
REPORTED OFFERS BY CHINA (PRC) TO AID CONTRAS. IN MID 84 MEET BETWEEN DCI
CASEY, DDCI MCMAHON, AND D SEC SATE DAM, CASEY SUGGESTED MOVING ON NON-USG
FUNDING FOR CONTRAS. IN 84/85 USG LEARNED TAIWAN ASKED BY CALERO TO AID
CONTRAS, TAIWAN REFUSED. NORTH AND SIGUR OF NSC MET WITH REPS OF PRC. NORTH
ASKED WEBSTER OF FBI NOT TO MAKE DISTRIBUTION THIS INFO. VESSEY CHAIRMAN OF
JCS ASKED PRC PROVIDE ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILES TO CONTRAS. SECORD CONSUMMATED
THIS TRANSACTION AND ARRANGED SHIPMENT THRU GUATEMALA. CIA REPORTED DETAILS
OF TRANSACTION TO MCFARLANE. NORTH TOLD MCFARLANE THAT SINGLAUB ASKED S.
KOREAN AMBASSADOR AND REP OF TAIWAN TO AID CONTRAS. IN DEC/JAN 84/ 85
NORTH SENT MEMO TO REAGAN VIA MCFARLANE TO THANK EUROPEAN COUNTRY RE INFO E
SUPPLIES FOR CONTRAS. NSC OFFICIAL COX TO CARRY A LETTER OF THANKS TO A
SENIOR EUROPEAN GVT OFFICIAL. IN 2/85 SINGLAUB ME S. KOREAN OFFICIALS TO
DISCUSS GIVING MONEY TO CONTRAS AND TO INTERDICT SHIPMENT OF ARMS TO
SANDINISTAS. SINGLAUB SAID GEN STILWELL OF DOD KNEW OF MEET. 42-PAGE GVT
DOC RELEASED AT NORTH'S TRIAL 4/6/89 P6,7
COORDINATION
GUATEMALA, 53-54 THE OVERTHROW OF THE GUATEMALAN GVT WAS CONCEIVED AND
RUN BY THE GVT WITH UNITED FRUIT AND UNDER THE OVERALL DIRECTION OF SEC
STATE J.F. DULLES BACKED BY EISENHOWER. NA 10/28/78 COVER AND 439-44
GUATEMALA, 54 IN OVERTHROW EISENHOWER ENLISTED ALL AMBASSADORS IN THE
AREA, GAVE A ROLE TO USIS, AS WELL AS THE US ARMY AND NAVY AND THE CIA. HE
ASKED EVERY DICTATOR IN THE AREA; I.E., TRUJILLO, BATISTA, SOMOZA, JIMENEZ,
AND OTHERS IN HONDURAS AND EL SALVADOR TO JOIN A REGION-WIDE SEIGE. THE
NATION 10/28/78 P44O
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA AND USIA COOPERATED IN MEDIA BLITZ PRIOR TO COUP SEE
"MEDIA OPS GUATEMALA 54." SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER
FRUIT 167
GUATEMALA, 54 USIA PROPAGANDISTS WROTE MORE THAN 200 ARTICLES ABOUT
GUATEMALA BASED ON INFO FROM CIA SOURCES AND DISTRIBUTED THEM FOR ANONYMOUS
PLACEMENT IN SCORES OF LATIN NEWSPAPERS. USIA SHIPPED MORE THAN 100,000
COPIES PAMPHLET CALLED "CHRONOLOGY OF COMMUNISM IN GUATEMALA" 27,000 COPIES
OF ANTI-COMMUNISM CARTOONS AND POSTERS WERE DISTRIBUTED. USIA PRODUCED 3
MOVIES ON GUATEMALA. VARIOUS OTHER PRESS OPS DESCRIBED SCHLESINGER, S., &
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 167
GUATEMALA. USIA AKA USIS 54 MOBILIZED ALL RESOURCES SUPPORT OVERTHROW OP.
TRIED CONVINCE OAS THERE COMMUNIST THREAT. FLOODED CENTRAL AMER WITH
PAMPHLETS, TAPE RECORDINGS, PLANTED STORIES NEWSPAPERS AND RADIO PROGRAMS
ALL DESIGNED PROVE ARBENZ A COMMUNIST. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES
227
CORPORATE INTERESTS
53-61 DULLES'S MARK AS DCI CAN BE SEEN IN NUMBER OF OPS, BOTH SUCCESSFUL
- IRAN 53; COSTA RICA, 53; GUATEMALA, 54 - AND UNSUCCESSFUL - INDONESIA 58;
TIBET 58; CUBA 60-61. EACH OP FOLLOWED FAMILIAR PATTERN - REMOVAL OR
ATTEMPTED REMOVAL OF A GVT DEEMED INIMICAL TO U.S. INTERESTS AND ITS
REPLACEMENT BY ONE THAT MORE FRIENDLY. LOWENTHAL, M. (1992). THE WASHINGTON
PAPERS. U.S.INTELLIGENCE EVOLUTION AND ANATOMY 26
ACTION IN CHILE, CUBA, GUATEMALA, AND IRAN BASED ON THREAT OF
NATIONALIZATION SUBSIDIARIES OF MULTINATIONAL CORPS. PRADOS, J. (1986).
PRESIDENTS' SECRET WARS 316
CENTRAL AMERICA, 48-53 COMPANY PUBLISHED 4 NEWSPAPERS FOR UNITED FRUIT
WORKERS IN HONDURAS, COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, AND PANAMA. UNITED FRUIT ALSO
SUPPORTED FOR MANY YEARS A PUBLICATION NAMED "LATIN AMERICA REPORT,"
PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM GAUDET - WHO A POSSIBLE AGENT FOR CIA AND WHO USED
PUBLICATION AS A CREDIBLE COVER FOR NUMEROUS COVERT MISSIONS. MCANN, T.
(1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 48
CENTRAL AMERICA, 50-60 SEE "MASTERMINDING THE MINI-MARKET U.S. AID TO THE
CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMON MARKET." GUA 86-103; "THE HARD LINE U.S. STRATEGY
FOR THE 1970'S." GUA 104-120; "EXTRACTING THE SURPLUS;" 121-131; "THE U.S.
INVESTMENT BUBBLE IN GUATEMALA," GUA 132-142; AND, "THE LARGEST U.S.
CORPORATIONS IN GUATEMALA." JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974).
GUATEMALA 167-174
FROM 53-77 THERE A LINK BETWEEN CIA AND THE FIRM OF SCHRODERS, LTD, AN
INVESTMENT BANK THAT HANDLED CIA FUNDS FOR COVERT OPS. BANK'S INTERESTS
OVERLAPPED WITH THOSE OF MANY-CIA INITIATED ACTIONS INCLUDING THE COUP IN
IRAN IN 53 THE 54 COUP IN GUATEMALA, AND THE BAY OF PIGS INVASION. NEW
TIMES 11/27/78 P24-5
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS OF UNITED FRUIT DEVELOPED STRATEGY RE GUATEMALA
TO SELECT MOST INFLUENTIAL MEMBERS MEDIA, THE TIMES, SEVERAL OTHER PAPERS,
TWO OR THREE MAJOR NEWS MAGAZINES, WIRE SERVICES AND ELECTRONIC NETWORKS -
FOLLOWED BY A HIGH - LEVEL SATURATION CAMPAIGN TO EXPOSE MEDIA'S REPORTERS
TO COMPANY'S VERSION OF FACTS. CAMPAIGN INCLUDED GUIDED TOURS WITH UP TO 10
NEWSMEN PER JUNKET AT COMPANY EXPENSE. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN
COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 47
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS WITH UNITED FRUIT BROUGHT GUATEMALA TO ATTENTION
OF NEW YORK TIMES PUBLISHER SULZBURGER WHO MADE AN INSPECTION TRIP TO
COUNTRY - WHILE ON TRIP A "COMMUNIST RIOT" TOOK PLACE. A PR COUP FOR
BERNAYS. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED
FRUIT 46
GUATEMALA, 52-54 DULLES BROTHERS ATTUNED TO AFFAIRS IN GUATEMALA DUE TO
INVOLVEMENT OF J. HENRY SCHRODER BANKING CORP IN DEVELOPMENT OF AREA.
EARLIER ACTION IN 36 WHEN ALLEN DULLES WAS GENERAL COUNSEL AND BOARD
MEMBER. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 336
GUATEMALA, 52-54 IN 52-53 SPRUILE BRADEN, FORMER ASST SECRETARY OF STATE
FOR INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS AND A CONSULTANT FOR UNITED FRUIT, LED A CFR
STUDY GROUP ON LATIN AMERICA. IN 10/17/52 ADOLF BERLE RECORDED IN HIS DIARY
THAT THE U.S. SHOULD WELCOME THE OVERTHROW OF THE ARBENZ GVT. THE CFR
AGREED THE GVT WAS COMMUNIST. I AM WORKING WITH NELSON ROCKEFELLER...WHO
CAN WORK WITH GENERAL EISENHOWER. SHOUP, L. & MINTER, W. (1977). IMPERIAL
BRAIN TRUST 196
GUATEMALA, 52-54 JOHN MOORS CABOT, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR
INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS SET THE STAGE FOR JOHN FOSTER DULLES' RESOLUTION AT
THE CARACAS CONFERENCE AIMED AT GUATEMALA. IN 12/53 A REPORT BY THE
NATIONAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION'S COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL POLICY, WAS HEAD
BY FRANK ALTSCHUL, SECRETARY OF THE CFR. OF 12 PEOPLE INVOLVED IN DECISION
ON GUATEMALAN INTERVENTION, 8 WERE MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN
RELATIONS AT THE TIME OR JOINED THEREAFTER. OTHER THAN THOSE MENTIONED
THESE INCLUDE HENRY HOLLAND, WALTER BEDELL SMITH, AND HENRY CABOT LODGE.
SHOUP, L. & MINTER, W. (1977). IMPERIAL BRAIN TRUST 197-8
GUATEMALA, 53-54 ARBENZ BEGAN A HYDROELECTRIC PLAN TO OFFSET HEGEMONY OF
THE AMERICAN AND FOREIGN POWER COMPANY, A FOSTER DULLES CLIENT SINCE THE
TWENTIES. ZEMURRAY AT UNITED FRUIT BANKROLLED PUBLIC RELATIONS BARRAGE
USING EDWARD BERNAYS TO WHIP UP MEDIA PERSONNEL SUCH AS SELECTED
DELEGATIONS OF NEW YORK TIMES AND HERALD TRIBUNE. MASSACHUSETTS POLITICIANS
FROM HENRY CABOT LODGE TO JOHN MCCORMACK ACTED IN CONGRESS. TOMMY THE CORK
CORCORAN LOBBIED FOR ACTION. OTHER ZEMURRAY ACTIONS. HERSH, B. (1992). THE
OLD BOYS 338
GUATEMALA, 53-54 ARBENZ GVT BEGAN LEGAL EXPROPRIATION OF 178,000 ACRES OF
UNITED FRUIT COMPANY LAND. UF ASKED FOR 16 MILLION, ARBENZ OFFERED A
24-YEAR BOND VALUED AT $525,000. VALUE LOW AS IT BASED ON VALUE COMPANY HAD
PLACED ON PROPERTY FOR TAX PURPOSES. UF DISTRIBUTED SEVERAL HUNDRED COPIES
OF BOOK, REPORT ON NICARAGUA, THAT BEGAN: "A MOSCOW-DIRECTED COMMUNIST
CONSPIRACY IN CENTRAL AMERICA IS ONE OF SOVIET UNION'S MOST SUCCESSFUL
OPERATIONS OF INFILTRATION OUTSIDE OF IRON CURTAIN COUNTRIES." AUTHOR
REFUSED TO HAVE NAME ON BOOK. COPIES DISTRIBUTED TO EVERY MEMBER OF
CONGRESS WHO WOULD ACCEPT IT. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE
TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 49
GUATEMALA, 53-54 THRU UF'S POWERFUL FRIENDS IN GVT, STATE DEPT ISSUED A
TOUGH AIDE-MEMOIRE TO ARBENZ WHICH ASSERTED U.S. POSITION ON PRIVATE
PROPERTY AND CALLED FOR RETURN OF THE LAND. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN
COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 59
GUATEMALA, 53-54 TIES OF THE COUNCIL OF FOREIGN RELATIONS (CFR) TO
INTERVENTION IN GUATEMALA STAND OUT AS WELL IN A TRIANGULAR RELATIONSHIP OF
INTERLOCKS AMONG GVT OFFICIALS INVOLVED, THE CFR, AND UNITED FRUIT COMPANY.
FUENTES, A FUTURE PRESIDENT RECORDED THAT HIS COOPERATION WAS SOUGHT BY
WALTER TURNBULL, A FORMER EXECUTIVE OF UNITED FRUIT, WHO CAME ACCOMPANIED
BY TWO CIA AGENTS. JOHN DULLES, WHILE AT SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL, HAD
REPRESENTED UNITED FRUIT IN NEGOTIATIONS WITH GUATEMALA SOME YEARS BEFORE.
JOHN CABOT'S BROTHER WAS A DIRECTOR AND FORMER PRESIDENT OF UNITED FRUIT.
SPRUILE BRADEN SERVED AS A UNITED FRUIT CONSULTANT. FORMER CIA DIRECTOR,
BEDELL SMITH, AFTER LEAVING GVT, BECAME A DIRECTOR OF UNITED FRUIT, AS DID
ROBERT HILL, A PARTICIPANT IN THE OP AS AMBASSADOR TO COSTA RICA. CFR'S
LINKS TO UNITED FRUIT SUBSTANTIAL. WHITNEY SHEPARDSON, ONE OF CFR'S MAIN
LEADERS, WAS AN OFFICER OF INTERNATIONAL RAILWAYS OF CENTRAL AMERICA, AN
AFFILIATE OF UNITED FRUIT. OTHERS NAMED. DOMHOFF, W. (1971). HIGHER
CIRCLES: THE GOVERNING CLASS IN AMERICA 198-9
GUATEMALA, 53-54 UNITED FRUIT'S PUBLICITY AND ADVERTISING DEPT HAD ONE
TASK - TO GET WORD OUT THAT A COMMUNIST BEACHHEAD HAD BEEN ESTABLISHED IN
OUR HEMISPHERE. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF
UNITED FRUIT 45
GUATEMALA, 53-60 UNITED FRUIT ARRANGED TOURS FOR PRESS WITHIN HOURS OF
EXPROPRIATION OF UF LAND. TOURS INCLUDED REPS OF TIME-LIFE, SEVERAL LARGE
DAILIES, NEWSWEEK AND THE WIRE SERVICES. AN AVALANCHE OF PUBLICITY FAVORING
UF FOLLOWED AFTER TRIP. UF DISTRIBUTED A CONFIDENTIAL GUATEMALAN NEWSLETTER
EACH WEEK TO A LIST OF 250 AMERICAN JOURNALISTS. NEWSLETTER LATER BROADENED
TO INCLUDE HONDURAS, COSTA RICA, AND PANAMA WHICH MEANT THAT FROM 53-60 A
GREAT DEAL OF NEWS OF CENTRAL AMERICA IN NORTH AMERICAN PRESS WAS SUPPLIED,
EDITED AND SOMETIMES MADE BY UF'S PR DEPT. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN
COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 59
GUATEMALA, 53-63 INFLUENTIAL PERSONS FRIENDLY TO OR EMPLOYED BY UNITED
FRUIT INCLUDED SENATOR ROBERT LA FOLLETTE FROM WISCONSIN, FORMER MASS
GOVERNOR CHRISTIAN HERTER, LATER SECRETARY OF STATE UNDER EISENHOWER;
FOSTER DULLES, GENERAL ROBERT CUTLER, WHO HEADED THE NATIONAL SECURITY
COUNCIL FOR A TIME. JOHN J. MCCLOY, BECAME A DIRECTOR OF COMPANY, ROBERT C.
HILL, FORMER AMBASSADOR TO MEXICO, COSTA RICA AND SALVADOR WHO BECAME A
DIRECTOR OF THE COMPANY. CHARLES MEYER ON BOARD OF UNITED FRUIT IN LATE
FIFTIES. HE LATER NAMED BY NIXON AS ASST. SECRETARY STATE FOR LATIN
AMERICAN AFFAIRS. JOHN MCCLINTOCK WAS UNITED FRUIT'S DIRECTOR OF PR.
SENATOR ALEXANDER WILEY, REPUBLICAN FROM WISCONSIN, WAS ON SENATE FOREIGN
RELATIONS COMMITTEE DURING GUATEMALAN EPISODE. WILEY A LEADING CRITIC OF
ARBENZ REGIME, DENOUNCED COMMUNISTS ON SENATE FLOOR. MCANN, T. (1976). AN
AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 55-57
GUATEMALA, 53 CIA WITH UNITED FRUIT ARMED SOME RIGHT WING ARMY OFFICERS.
OCCUPIED A TOWN BUT QUICKLY OVERCOME BY GVT FORCES. SCHLESINGER, S., &
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 103, 120
GUATEMALA, 54 ARBENZ A THREAT TO UNITED FRUIT. IS 217. LAWYER WHO
REPRESENTED SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL FOR UNITED FRUIT IN GUATEMALA WAS FOSTER
DULLES. IS 218 LIST OF MBRS EISENHOWER ADM WHO SUPPORTED UNITED FRUIT IN
GUATEMALA. IS 223 LOBBYIST FOR UNITED FRUIT INSTRUMENTAL IN DECISION TO
OVERTHROW ARBENZ. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES 224
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA OFFICIALS TRAVELED WITH UNITED BRANDS EXECUTIVES
LOOKING FOR SUITABLE REPLACEMENT FOR ARBENZ. THEY APPROACHED YDIGORAS WHO
SAID OFFICIAL OF UNITED FRUIT WITH TWO CIA OFFICERS. CONDITIONS WERE TO
FAVOR UNITED FRUIT AND INTERNATIONAL RAILWAYS OF CENTRAL AMERICA (OWNED BY
UF) TO DESTROY THE RAILROAD WORKERS LABOR UNION, ETC. KWITNY, J. (1984).
ENDLESS ENEMIES 225
GUATEMALA, 54 LAW FIRM SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL REPRESENTED UNITED FRUIT.
(BOTH DULLESS'S FROM SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL). IN EARLIER PLAN CIA PASSED
ARMS TO UNITED FRUIT. PRADOS, J. (1986). PRESIDENTS' SECRET WARS 99-101
GUATEMALA 54 PERSONAL INTEREST OF EISENHOWER ADMIN OFFICIALS IN
GUATEMALAN COUP BECAUSE OF CORPORATE TRIES. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S.
(1983). BITTER FRUIT 106-7
GUATEMALA, 54 U.S. COMPANIES MOVED BACK INTO GUATEMALA RIGHT AWAY. ARMAS
INTRODUCED INVESTMENT GUARANTEES AND UNITED FRUIT GOT BACK ITS PROPERTY.
RANELAGH, J. (1986). THE AGENCY 269
GUATEMALA 54 UNITED FRUIT AND CIA PLAN CALLED OPERATION FORTUNE. TO
SMUGGLE ARMS ON UNITED FRUIT BOATS TO ARBENZ OPPONENTS. STATE DEPT. BLOCKED
ATTEMPT. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 92-93
GUATEMALA, 54 UNITED FRUIT OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ A GODSEND IT GOT BACK ITS
LAND, LABOR REFORM REPEALED, WAGES CUT. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES
233
GUATEMALA, 54 UNITED FRUIT PROVIDED CIA ITS GUATEMALAN RAILROAD SYSTEM
TO SMUGGLE ARMS, ITS ATLANTIC PORT TO LAND EQUIPMENT, ITS TELEGRAPH,
TELEPHONE AND RADIO TO RELAY MESSAGES; ITS GUATEMALAN PROPERTIES TO GIVE
COVER TO REBELS ETC. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT
171
GUATEMALA, 54 ADM-UNITED FRUIT CONNECTIONS STARTLING. IN ADDITION TO
ALLEN AND JOHN FOSTER DULLES, WHO HAD WORKED DIRECTLY FOR COMPANY, JOHN
MOORS CABOT WAS BROTHER OF THOMAS DUDLEY CABOT, FORMER PRESIDENT OF U.F.
SPUILLE BRADEN, WHOSE FAMILY OWNED BRADEN COPPER MINES IN CHILE, WORKED FOR
U.F. ON GUATEMALAN PROJECT. AS PRESIDENT OF WORLD BANK JOHN J. MCCLOY
REFUSED ARBENZ LOANS - LATER BECAME DIRECTOR OF U.F., AS DID WALTER BEDELL
SMITH. OTHER IN EISENHOWER ADM LINKED WITH BUSINESS INTERESTS IN GUATEMALA.
COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 228-9
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER CIA OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ GVT A LENGTHY REIGN OF TERROR
FOLLOWED. 70% OF PEOPLE DISENFRANCHISED WHICH DENIED ILLITERATES THE RIGHT
TO VOTE. LABOR AND UNION RIGHTS WERE REPEALED AND 800,000 ACRES LAND HANDED
BACK TO UNITED FRUIT. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). KGB/CIA 59
GUATEMALA, 54 ARBENZ'S GVT PERCEIVED AS THREAT TO US CORPORATE INTERESTS
AND SEC OF STATE FOSTER DULLES AND HIS BROTHER DCI ALLEN, BOTH WITH
LONG-STANDING LINKS TO UNITED FRUIT, OPENED BOTH A DIPLOMATIC AND COVERT
OFFENSIVE AGAINST ARBENZ. AFTER THE GVT OVERTHROWN ALL REFORMS WERE
DISMANTLED, AGRARIAN REFORM REVERSED, POPULAR ORGS WERE OUTLAWED, THEIR
LEADERS KILLED OR EXILED, THE CONSTITUTION WAS ABROGATED. NACLA 2/83 P4. BY
79 193 US COMPANIES INVESTED IN THE COUNTRY WITH 52 OF THEM IN
AGRIBUSINESS. NACLA 2/83 P12. MANY US INVESTORS TOOK PART IN THE 54
INVASION AS PILOTS AND PLANNERS AND STAYED IN GUATEMALA CONSIDERING
THEMSELVES PART OF THE LOCAL RULING CLASS. BANK OF AMERICA ROLE IMPT. NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P23-4
GUATEMALA, 54 UNITED FRUIT EXECUTIVES ARROGANT AND DISHONEST. UFC A
CLIENT OF SULLIVAN AND CROMWELL, THE DULLES BROTHERS LAW FIRM. COPELAND, M.
(1989). THE GAME PLAYER 193
GUATEMALA, 86-90 THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (NED) IS MEDDLING
IN GUATEMALA. NED PROVIDED 200,000 IN GRANTS TO CHICAGO-BASED ROOSEVELT
CENTER FOR AMERICAN POLICY STUDIES, WHICH IN TURN UNDERWRITES THE
GUATEMALAN ASIES, THE RESEARCH AND SOCIAL STUDIES ASSOCIATION. ASIES HAS
NATIONWIDE CIVIC EDUCATION PROGRAM. SPONSORED SEMINARS IN 86. NED ALSO
GIVES MONEY TO ORGS THAT SERVE U.S. BUSINESS; I.E., THE CENTER FOR
POLITICAL STUDIES OR CEDEP EITHER DIRECTLY OR THRU 2 U.S.-BASED GROUPS,
CARIBBEAN CENTRAL AMERICAN ACTION AND DELPHI INTERNATIONAL TO PROMOTE U.S.
INVESTMENTS. NED INTERVENES IN LABOR. THE PROGRESSIVE 2/90 33
IRAN, GUATEMALA, 53-54 POLICY ASSOCIATED WITH ECONOMIC INTERESTS BUT U.S.
OFFICIALS BELIEVED STRATEGIC INTERESTS AT STAKE. TREVERTON, G. (1987).
COVERT ACTION 79
COUNTERINSURGENCY
CUBA, 54-61 CIA AS IN GUATEMALA RELIED ON RADIO INTERFERENCE WITH
CASTRO'S MICROWAVE INTERNAL-COMMO NET TO FORCE MILITARY UNITS INTO OPEN
VOICE CONVERSATIONS WHICH CIA COULD OVERHEAR. HIGGINS, T. (1987). THE
PERFECT FAILURE 98
EL SALVADOR. IN MID 83 EL SALVADOR ADOPTED NATIONAL CAMPAIGN PLAN
FORMULATED BY SPECIAL FORCES. VIRTUALLY INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM VNESE AND
GUATEMALAN PREDECESSORS. COUNTRY DIVIDED IN FIVE MILITARY ZONES, USES
HUNTER KILLER PLATOONS, CIVIC ACTION, ETC. WHITE, R.A. (1984). THE MORASS
159-162
GUATEMALA, 61 TO PREVENT OVERTHROW OF YDIGORAS KENNEDY APPROVED
PACIFICATION PLAN INCLUDING CIVIC ACTION PROGRAM SUCH AS DIGGING WELLS,
BUILDING CLINICS AND INCREASE IN MILITARY ASSISTANCE. SPECIAL FORCES, ALL
TRG IN LAOS EST CI BASE. WITH HELP OF AMERICANS YDIGORAS CRUSHED REVOLT.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 242
GUATEMALA, 63 GREEN BERETS ASSISTED IN MASSIVE CI CAMPAIGN THAT INCLUDED
ASSASSINATIONS, DEATH SQUADS, INTERROGATIONS, ETC. SCHLESINGER, S., &
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 245-48
GUATEMALA. CIVIL DEFENSE CORPS. WHITE, R.A. (1984). THE MORASS 108-113
GUATEMALA. STRATEGIC HAMLETS. WHITE, R.A. (1984). THE MORASS 113-123
GUATEMALA, 62-67 IN 66 THE U.S. ESTABLISHED A MASSIVE CI PROGRAM WITH A
BASE IN IZABAL STAFFED BY SPECIAL FORCES. MODEL TAKEN FROM VIETNAM. IN 66
GREEN BERETS ASSIGNED TO COUNTRY. APPROX 1,000 WITH SOME PUERTO RICAN AND
CUBAN EXILES WITH EXPERIENCE IN VN. U.S. MILITARY USED NAPALM ON VILLAGES,
"FREE BOMBING ZONES," SPECIALIZED FORMS OF TORTURE, CIVILIAN TERRORIST
GROUPS, PLUS EXTENSIVE PSYWAR OPS. "PILOT PLAN" IN IZABAL AND ZACAPA. AID
CONDUCTED "SOCIAL WORKS" -- SMALL NONSTRUCTURAL CHANGES INCLUDING HEALTH,
LITERACY AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, SCHOOL LUNCHES, WELLS, ACCESS ROADS,
COOPERATIVES, LEADERSHIP TRG., TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO PEASANTS AND THE
STRENGTHENING OF LOCAL GVT. MILITARY ASSUMED CIVILIAN POSITIONS. CIVIC
ACTION BOTH MILITARY AND CIVILIAN BECAME MODEL FOR DEVELOPMENT. POLICE
PROGRAM SPENT 6 MILLION SINCE 57 LAUNCHED MODEL PRECINCT PROGRAMS. SET UP
CRIME LABS AND COMMO CENTER, CONSTRUCTION OF $400,000 POLICE ACADEMY.
POLICE SENT FOR TRG IN RIOT CONTROL, FIREARMS, FINGERPRINTING, ETC. NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 3/74
GUATEMALA, 66-88 US MILITARY ADVISERS HELPED IN CI CAMPAIGN THAT
VIRTUALLY WIPED OUT 8000 PEASANT LIVES IN 2 YEARS. ALLOWED THE POLICE TO
DISMEMBER OPPOSITION NEWSPAPERS, THE UNIVERSITY AND POLITICAL ORGS. NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P8
GUATEMALA, SPECIAL FORCES. REVOLUTION IN 66 BROUGHT FULL-SCALE
COUNTERINSURGENCY TO. ARMS, ADVISORS AND GREEN BERETS. STATE DEPT STUDY
SAID: "TO ELIMINATE FEW HUNDRED GUERRILLAS, THE GVT KILLED PERHAPS 10,000
PEASANTS." KWITNY, J. (1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 233
ISRAEL RANKS AS FIFTH LARGEST EXPORTER OF ARMS IN WORLD, ACCORDING CIA
ESTIMATES, AND HAS BECOME ESSENTIAL ELEMENT GLOBAL CI BUSINESS. "HIT LISTS"
USED BY DEATH SQUADS IN GUATEMALA HAVE BEEN COMPUTERIZED WITH ISRAELI
ASSISTANCE AND UZI MACHINE GUNS THE STANDARD WEAPON OF DEATH SQUADS. COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 88 5
COVER
CENTRAL AMERICA, 48-53 COMPANY PUBLISHED 4 NEWSPAPERS FOR UNITED FRUIT
WORKERS IN HONDURAS, COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, AND PANAMA. UNITED FRUIT ALSO
SUPPORTED FOR MANY YEARS A PUBLICATION NAMED "LATIN AMERICA REPORT,"
PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM GAUDET - WHO A POSSIBLE AGENT FOR CIA AND WHO USED
PUBLICATION AS A CREDIBLE COVER FOR NUMEROUS COVERT MISSIONS. MCANN, T.
(1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 48
GUATEMALA, 61 BASE TRAX, CIA BASE FOR TRAINING CUBAN EXILES IN GUATEMALA
IN 1960-61, WAS DISMANTLED TWO WEEKS AFTER BAY OF PIGS OP. RECORDS WERE
BURIED AND GUAT. SOLDIERS CARRIED AWAY ALL EVIDENCE OF CAMP'S EXISTENCE.
HAYNES, J. (1964). THE BAY OF PIGS: THE LEADER'S STORY OF BRIGADE 2506
350,351
COVERT A
50-74 DETAILS OF NEO-FASCIST AND NEO-NAZI TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS, ALL
OVER THE WORLD, CREATED AND FUNDED BY VATICAN AND CIA, BEGAN TO COME TO
LIGHT IN LATE 74. IN LISBON A COMMANDO UNIT OF PORTUGUESE MARINES BROKE
INTO OFFICES OF AGINTER-PRESS AND DISCOVERED ARCHIVES OF WHOLE VAST
APPARAT, GIVING DETAILS OF COUPS IN GREECE, ARGENTINA, CHILE, GUATEMALA,
AND OF THREE ATTEMPTED COUPS IN ITALY, ALL ORCHESTRATED BY THE VATICAN,
NATO, NIXON AND CIA. LIAISON BETWEEN ITALIANS AND AGINTER-PRESS HAD BEEN
STEFANI DELLE CHIAIE, WHOSE LINKS TO GELLI'S P2 WOULD SOON SURFACE,
REVEALING THE ENTIRE QUILTWORK OF THE CONSPIRACY. TOMPKINS, P. (UNPUBLISHED
MANUSCRIPT). STRATEGY OF TERROR 23-15
53-93 ARTICLE BY RICHARD FALK, "INTERVENTION REVISITED: HARD CHOICES AND
TRAGIC DILEMMAS." "INTERVENTION IS NEVER GOOD POLICY, NO MATTER HOW
APPEALING THE HUMANITARIAN CASE FOR IT." CIA COVERT OPS QUALIFY AS
INTERVENTIONS BECAUSE THEY INVOLVE USE OF INDIGENOUS MILITARY AND
PARAMILITARY FORCES AS AGENTS OF U.S. POLICY. CIA DID "SUCCEED" IN A NUMBER
OF CASES SUCH AS IRAN (53) AND GUATEMALA (54), WHERE IT DISPLACED
DEMOCRATIC AND PROGRESSIVE GVTS AND RESTORED REACTIONARY AND REPRESSIVE
ELITES. BASIC OBJECTION TO COVERT INTERVENTION IS ITS INHERENTLY
ANTIDEMOCRATIC CHARACTER AT BOTH ENDS, AND ITS UTILIZATION FOR ALMOST
EXCLUSIVELY REACTIONARY POLITICAL GOALS, A REFLECTION OF OUTLOOK THAT ONE
WOULD NATURALLY ASSOCIATE WITH A SECRET, PARAMILITARY BRANCH OF GVT GIVEN A
LARGE BUDGET AND THE WORLD AS A PLAYING FIELD. THE NATION 12/20/93 756
A PUBLICATION OF THE CAMPAIGN FOR POLITICAL RIGHTS EXAMINES "THE CIA AND
COVERT ACTION." DETAILS OPS AGAINST CHINA, THE PHILIPPINES, THE SOVIET
BLOC, GREECE, IRAN, CUBA, ZAIRE, LAOS, GUATEMALA, BOLIVIA, VIETNAM, ITALY
AND ANGOLA. 6/82 P3
BETWEEN 81-86 , CASEY GOT 25 TO 35% ANNUAL BUDGET INCREASES FOR CIA. UNDER
CASEY CIA INITIATED MORE THAN 50 MAJOR COVERT OPS ON EVERY CONTINENT. BY
84 THERE SOME 20 OPS IN AFRICA ALONE. AT PRESENT THERE MAJOR COVERT OPS IN
NICARAGUA, EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, COSTA RICA, SURINAME, MEXICO,
AFGHANISTAN, IRAN, ETHIOPIA, LIBYA, CHAD, LEBANON, SEYCHELLES, SOUTH
AFRICA, MOZAMBIQUE, ANGOLA, ZAIRE, PHILIPPINES, VIETNAM, LAOS, AND OTHERS.
COVERT ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 87 28
CENTRAL AMERICA, 81-89 ISRAELI KNESSET MEMBER GEN. PELED SAID IN C.A.
ISRAEL IS THE `DIRTY WORK' CONTRACTOR FOR U.S. HELPED GUATEMALA REGIME WHEN
CONGRESS BLOCKED REAGAN ADM. ISRAELI FIRM TADIRAN (THEN PARTLY U.S.-OWNED)
SUPPLIED GUATEMALAN MILITARY WITH COMPUTERIZED INTEL SYSTEM TO TRACK
POTENTIAL SUBVERSIVES. THOSE ON COMPUTER LIST HAD AN EXCELLENT CHANCE OF
BEING "DISAPPEARED." IT "AN ARCHIVE AND COMPUTER FILE ON JOURNALISTS,
STUDENTS, LEADERS, LEFTISTS, POLITICIANS AND SO ON." COMPUTER SYSTEM MAKING
UP DEATH LISTS. COCKBURN, A. & COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS LIAISON 219
CIA HAS ANNOUNCED IT WILL DECLASSIFY THOUSANDS OF INTEL ESTIMATES AND
ANALYTICAL PAPERS, AND DISCLOSE MATERIAL RELATED TO DECADES-OLD COVERT OPS
IN FRANCE, ITALY, IRAN, GUATEMALA, NORTH KOREA, INDONESIA, LAOS, THE CONGO
AND THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. THE NATION 11/29/93 660
CIA OPS INCLUDE PROPAGANDA AND SUPPORT OF POLITICAL PARTIES, GUATEMALA,
CUBA, VIETNAM, AFRICA, SANTO DOMINGO. IN EARLY 80s ENGLAND, FRANCE AND U.S.
PLANNED TO TOPPLE QADDAFI OF LIBYA. CIA PULLED OUT OF OP AND DEMANDED IT
NOT PROCEED. QUIRK, J. (1986). THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY: A
PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORY 154
CIA TO RELEASE ADDITIONAL USSR-RELATED STUDIES FROM 60s-70s, AS WELL AS
MAJOR CHUNKS OF ITS INFO ON BAY OF PIGS INVASION OF CUBA, 53 OVERTHROW OF
MOSSADEGH OF IRAN, AND 54 OVERTHROW OF GUATEMALA'S ARBENZ. WASHINGTON POST
10/1/93 A45
CUBA, 61 PRESIDENT KENNEDY HAD NO REAL CHOICE: CIA TRAINING CUBANS IN
GUATEMALA SINCE LATTER DAYS OF EISENHOWER ADM. ALLEN DULLES SAID IF U.S.
CALLED OFF OP, CUBAN EXPATRIATES WOULD TELL LATIN AMERICA THAT KENNEDY
SUFFERED A FAILURE OF NERVE. BERLE WAS IN FREQUENT CONTACT WITH J.C. KING,
WHO DIRECTED CIA OPS IN HEMISPHERE. BERLE IN HIS TRAVELS HEARD CIA FOISTED
OLD BATISTA ARMY MEN UPON OTHERS IN THEIR FIGHT AGAINST CASTRO. TWO WEEKS
AFTER KENNEDY INAUGURATION STATE DEPT BEGAN TO CIRCULATE DAILY BULLETIN.
REPORTS FLOWED IN THAT RUSSIAN AND CZECH ARMS AND TECHNICIANS WERE ARRIVING
IN CUBA. BERLE WAS VITRIOLICALLY HOSTILE TO ANY LIBERAL WHO OPPOSED A
MILITARY SOLUTION TO CASTRO. SCHWARTZ, J. (1987). LIBERAL: ADOLF A. BERLE
AND THE VISION OF AN AMERICAN ERA 330-33
CUBA, VENEZUELA 59 JAKE ENGLER, WHO WAS CIA CHIEF OF STATION IN CARACAS,
VENEZUELA FROM 1957-60, WROTE WESTERN DIV CHIEF COL. J.C. KING IN EARLY DEC
59 PREDICTING THERE GOING TO BE A REAL PROBLEM IN CUBA. ENGLER FAMILIAR
WITH CUBAN DISSIDENTS WHO OUSTED FULGENICO BATISTA AND HAD WITNESSED
CASTRO'S VISIT TO CARACAS IN 1959. ENGLER VOLUNTEERED HIS SERVICES AND WAS
CALLED TO WASHINGTON ON 18 JAN 60 WHERE HE MET WITH 11 OTHER MEN TO PLAN
BAY OF PIGS INVASION. MOST WERE VETERANS OF 1954 COUP IN GUATEMALA. WYDEN,
P. (1979). BAY OF PIGS THE UNTOLD STORY 19,20
DAMNED IF YOU COUP...SOME LESSONS FROM THE HISTORY OF COVERT ACTIONS-- IRAN
53 GUATEMALA 54 CUBA 61 VIETNAM 63 CHILE 73 GRENADA 83 THE
PHILIPPINES 82 NEWSWEEK 10/16/89 34
GUATEMALA, 53-54 FREE EUROPE COMMITTEE MEMBERS ADOLF BERLE AND C.D.
JACKSON TALKING UP PROPOSALS TO FREE HEMISPHERE OF ARBENZ. WILLIAM H.
JACKSON'S ROLE. DULLES'S COLONEL, ALBERT HANEY, THEN COS IN SEOUL AND HIS
SIDE-KICK, WILLIAM (RIP) ROBINSON'S INVOLVEMENT. IN AUG 53 DECISION MADE TO
OUST ARBENZ. OPS HEADQUARTERS OPA-LOCKA, FLORIDA. OP PB/SUCCESS. THIRTY OR
MORE PARAMILITARY SPECIALISTS. HOLCOMB APPOINTED DEPUTY CHIEF OF WHD.
SPECIAL ASSISTANT FOR PARAMILITARY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL OPS, C. TRACY BARNES,
SENT TO MONITOR OP. WITH CIA ARRANGEMENT, GEORGE MEANY AND CARDINAL
SPELLMAN OPENLY CRITICIZED ARBENZ. HENRY HECKSCHER, FORMERLY OF BERLIN
STATION, SENT TO TEST SITUATION IN GUATEMALA. AFTER ALFHEM BERTHED, ALLEN
DULLES CONVENED INTEL ADVISORY COMMITTEE AND LAID OUT ARGUMENT THAT ARBENZ
HAD ARMS ENOUGH TO ROLL DOWN CENTRAL AMERICA AND GRAB THE PANAMA CANAL
(DOMINO THEORY). RIP ROBERTSON TOOK IN A DEMOLITION TEAM TO BLOW RAILROAD
TRESTLE. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 339-348
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER THE OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ GVT THE ARMAS REGIME
ESTABLISHED THE CIA-BACKED NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR DEFENSE AGAINST
COMMUNISM. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P4
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER ALFHEM ARRIVED, SECRETARY OF STATE PROCLAIMED A
MUTUAL DEFENSE TREATY WITH HONDURAS AND FIFTY TONS OF ARMS SENT FOR
DISTRIBUTION TO ARMAS INSURGENTS. U.S. SUBMARINES AND 3 B-36 BOMBERS TURNED
UP IN REGION. EISENHOWER ORDERED NAVY TO STOP AND SEARCH ALL "SUSPICIOUS
FOREIGN-FLAG VESSELS." HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 347
GUATEMALA, 54 ANTICOMMUNISM AND COUNTERINSURGENCY, GUATEMALAN MODEL -
PART II OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ AND IMPLANTATION OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY. CHAPTER
HEADING IN COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 263-292
GUATEMALA, 54 U.S. HAD TO CONVINCE WORLD THAT COMMUNISM DOMINATED [ARBENZ
GVT], AND TO CONCEAL INTEREST OF UNITED FRUIT CO. COOK, B. (1981). THE
DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 229
GUATEMALA, 60 CUBANS IN TRAINING FOR BAY OF PIGS USED TO PUT DOWN COUP
ATTEMPT AGAINST MIGUEL YDIGORAS FUENTES. 600 AT CIA CAMP TRAX, 200 USED.
FREE CUBA AIR FORCE USED TO SOFTEN UP REBELS AIRFIELD PUERTO BARRIOS. COUP
FORCES GAVE UP. RODRIGUEZ, F.I., & WEISMAN, J. (1989). SHADOW WARRIOR
56-58
GUATEMALA, 80-92 U.S. GVT, TRANSNATIONAL CORPS, CIA AND LOCAL ELITE HAVE
TRIED TO DESTROY NATIVE DEMOCRACY IN GUATEMALA. COVERT ACTION INFORMATION
BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SPRING 92 41-6
GUATEMALA, 81 THE STATE DEPT DECLARED THEIR WAS A MAJOR INSURGENCY IN
GUATEMALA AND SOUGHT MILITARY AID WHICH WAS REBUFFED BY CONGRESS. CONGRESS
HOWEVER COULD NOT PREVENT THE APPROVAL OF $2 MILLION COVERT CIA PROGRAM.
NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 6/84 P31
GUATEMALA, IRAN, 53-54 FROM OPA-LOCKA FLORIDA CIA RUNNING AIRLIFTS TO
HONDURAS WHERE CASTILLO ARMAS SMALL BAND, NEVER MORE THAN 140 MEN, WERE
BEING TRAINED. IN ONE RESPECT CIA PLANNED TO DUPLICATE THE TECHNIQUE USED
IN IRAN:PSYCHOLOGICALLY PREPARING THE MINDS OF THE TARGET GVT AND PEOPLE,
THEN A SUDDEN SHOW OF APPARENTLY MASSIVE FORCE. A CIA STAFF OFFICER,
DOCUMENTED AND DISGUISED AS A EUROPEAN BUSINESSMAN ACHIEVED THE DEFECTION
OF A SENIOR OFFICER ON ARBENZ'S STAFF. THRU HIM HAD UP-TO-MINUTE INTEL.
AFTER WARNING THE PEOPLE, FIGHTER AIRCRAFT MADE LOW LEVEL STRAFFING RUNS ON
GUATEMALA CITY AND DROPPED RELATIVELY HARMLESS SMOKE BOMBS. FROM HONDURAS A
POWERFUL TRANSMITTER OVERRODE THE NATIONAL RADIO, BROADCASTING MESSAGES TO
CONFUSE AND DIVIDE THE POPULATION. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER 99-100
HAITI, 94 AFTER U.S. FORCES OCCUPY AND THEN LEAVE HAITI, A HOST OF
MILITARY, CIA AND CIVILIAN ADVISERS TO STAY AS PARTICIPANTS IN HAITI'S
AFFAIRS. ICITAP, U.S. AGENCY TO REBUILD HAITI'S POLICE - TO BRING IN
SEVERAL HUNDRED TRAINERS TO MOLD A 5000 MAN FORCE. DR. LOUIS KERNISAN, A
DIA ATTACHE FROM 89 THRU 91, PREDICTS NO POPULAR UPRISING. KERNISAN NOW A
KEY OCCUPATION FIGURE AND IS PLANNING TO RETRAIN HAITIAN POLICE. HE
OPERATES OUT OF ICITAP, AN OFFSHOOT OF FBI THAT WAS CREATED IN 86 TO
PROVIDE TRAINING FOR SECURITY FORCES FOR EL SALVADOR AND GUATEMALA. CURRENT
PLANS CALL FOR DISSOLVING HAITIAN ARMY AND POLICE. U.S. HAS LARGE NET OF
ARMY TRAINEES, DIA INFORMANTS, AND CIA ASSETS. KERNISAN SAYS HE HAS A LIST
OF RELIABLE HAITIAN OFFICERS. RIGHT-WING PM HIT UNIT FRAP DISCUSSED. WHEN
BABY DOC OVERTHROWN CONGRESS BLOCKED REQUESTED AID FOR REFORM. BUT CIA
CREATED HAITI'S NATIONAL INTEL SERVICE (SIN) OSTENSIBLY AN ANTI-DRUGS UNIT
- WHICH ATTACKED HAITIAN DISSIDENTS. DONALD TERRY, WITH CIA STATION IN
HAITI NOW POSTED TO PARIS. CIA BEEFING UP HAITI STATION AND RECRUITING NEW
ASSETS. OCCUPATION CAN BE EXPECTED TO RUN PER ARMY'S MILITARY OPERATIONS IN
LOW-INTENSITY CONFLICT. DETAILS GIVEN. THE NATION 10/3/94 344
ISRAEL, THIRD WORLD. FROM 73-88 ISRAEL HAS BECOME FULL-FLEDGED COVERT
PARTNER U.S. IN THIRD WORLD. ISRAEL HAS SUPPLIED TRAINING AND WEAPONS TO
CHILE, EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, HAITI, SOUTH AFRICA AND NICARAGUAN CONTRAS,
FOR EXAMPLE. COVERT ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 88 46
JACK ANDERSON REPORTS CIA OPS OF SENDING ARMS TO REBELS IN AFGHANISTAN;
SUPPORTING EGYPT AND TURKEY IN OPS AGAINST IRAN; BACKING THE POL POT FORCES
IN CAMBODIA; TRAINING CUBAN ASSASSINATION SQUADS IN GUATEMALA AND WORKING
WITH ISRAEL TO DISRUPT THE PLO. WP 8/27/81 FROM PARAPOLITICS/USA 10/31/81
P7
MCGEORGE BUNDY NOTED: "THE DISMAL HISTORICAL RECORD OF COVERT MILITARY AND
PARAMILITARY OPERATIONS OVER PAST 25 YEARS IS ENTIRELY CLEAR." AS NSC
ADVISER TO KENNEDY AND JOHNSON HE HAS SOME BASIS FOR OBSERVATION. PSW 403.
A REVIEW OF COVERT ACTION OPS FROM NORTH KOREA, NVN, IRAN, GUATEMALA, CUBA,
DENIED AREAS, ETC. "MOST PARAMILITARY OPS UNALLOYED FAILURES, PERHAPS
EXCEPTING CONGO. LEDGER FAILURES INCLUDES ALBANIA, ANGOLA, KURDS, TRACK II
FAILED IN CHILE, NICARAGUA IN DOUBT, ETC. PRADOS, J. (1986). PRESIDENTS'
SECRET WARS 402-6
NICARAGUA, GUATEMALA, 82 NSC DOCUMENT PUBLISHED BY NEW YORK TIMES
STATES: IN NICARAGUA, THE SANDINISTAS ARE UNDER INCREASED PRESSURE AS
RESULT OF OUR COVERT EFFORTS. SIGNIFICANT COVERT EFFORT HAD BEEN APPROVED
BY NATIONAL SECURITY DIRECTIVE 17 IN NOVEMBER, 1981. DOCUMENT ALSO
RECOMMENDED CIA BE AUTHORIZED BEGIN ARMS INTERDICTION PROGRAM IN GUATEMALA.
AUTHENTICITY OF DOCUMENT CONFIRMED BY OFFICIALS AND FBI INVESTIGATION ITS
DISCLOSURE. IN NEWS CONFERENCE, PRESIDENT REAGAN CONFIRMED US PROVIDING
SUPPORT TO NICARAGUAN EXILES CONDUCTING PARAMILITARY ACTIVITIES IN
NICARAGUA BUT SOLE PURPOSE TO HELP STOP FLOW OF ARMS TO EL SALVADOR. FIRST
PRINCIPLES 5/83 P8
NSC 5412 OF 15 MARCH 54 WAS ALL-INCLUSIVE. SECRET, COSTLY. WORLDWIDE. "TO
COUNTER ANY THREAT OF A PARTY OR INDIVIDUAL DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY
RESPONSIVE" TO COMMUNISM IN A FREE-WORLD COUNTRY. ELECTIONS IN ITALY, WEST
GERMANY, FRANCE. "TO DEVELOP UNDERGROUND RESISTANCE...AND GUERRILLA OPS.
VIETNAM, LAOS THE CONGO, IRAN, GUATEMALA, CUBA. COOK, B. (1981). THE
DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 183
OVERVIEW OF C.A. SINCE WWII. PARAMILITARY OPS: BAY OF PIGS CUBA, 61 -
ATTEMPTS TO OVERTHROW COMMUNIST REGIMES IN ALBANIA, POLAND, AND THE SOVIET
UKRAINE - ALL FAILED. OVERTHROW OF GVT OF ARBENZ IN GUATEMALA IN 54 IN
63 CIA SUCCESSFUL IN OP TO OVERTHROW JUAN BOSH IN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AND
CARLOS AROSEMENA IN ECUADOR. OP TO SUPPORT REVOLT AGAINST PRESIDENT SUKARNO
OF INDONESIA IN 58 FAILED. TWENTIETH CENTURY FUND. (1992). THE NEED TO
KNOW: COVERT ACTION AND AMERICAN DEMOCRACY 81-2
93 CIA TO OPEN UP SECRETS, `WARTS AND ALL,' DIRECTOR SAYS. WILL ELIMINATE
LINE-BY-LINE REVIEW IN CATEGORY THAT WOULD INCLUDE THOUSANDS OF ANALYTICAL
PAPERS AND MORE THAN 350 NIEs. DOCUMENTS RELATING TO KOREAN WAR, VIETNAM IN
EARLY 60s INCLUDED - NO DATE SET. COMPLETING DECLASSIFICATION OF MORE THAN
500 NIEs WRITTEN BETWEEN 47-83 ON THE USSR. TO DECLASSIFY INFO ON COVERT
ACTIONS MORE THAN 30 YEARS OLD INCLUDING OPS IN FRANCE AND ITALY IN 40s AND
50s, SUPPORT TO ANTI-SUKARNO REBELS IN INDONESIA IN 58, TIBETAN GUERRILLAS,
OPS AGAINST NORTH KOREA, AND OPS IN LAOS IN 60s. ALSO DECLASSIFYING FILES
ON GERMANY AND IN 94 TO RELEASE FIRST UNCLASSIFIED HISTORY OF CIA. CIA TO
DECLASSIFY NEXT FEW MONTHS 80-90% OF MORE THAN 10,000 PAGES OF CIA MATERIAL
ON KENNEDY ASSASSINATION IT INITIALLY SOUGHT TO WITHHOLD LAST MONTH. FORMER
DCI GATES HAD ANNOUNCED PLANS TO DECLASSIFY INFO ON BAY OF PIGS OP IN CUBA,
OVERTHROW OF GVT IN GUATEMALA IN 54 AND COUP IN IRAN IN 53 - THESE DOCS
EXPECTED TO BE RELEASED BY END OF YEAR. WASHINGTON POST 9/29/93 A6
CUBA
CUBA. IN 90 DR. ORLANDO BOSCH PAROLED IN MIAMI. HE CONVICTED OF BOMBINGS
OF BRITISH, JAPANESE AND POLISH VESSELS IN FLORIDA AND DOWNING OF CUBANA
AIRLINER IN CARIBBEAN IN 76 BOSCH'S PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLICE IN CUBANA
BOMBING, LUIS POSADA CARRILES, "ESCAPED" FROM VENUZUELAN PRISON IN 84. IN
86 HE AIDE TO FELIX RODRIGUEZ AT ILOPONGO AIRBASE IN EL SALVADOR. IN 2/26/
90 HE WOUNDED IN GUATEMALA CITY. UNCLASSIFIED 9/90 8
DEATH SQUADS
EL SALVADOR. FORMER S.F. POLICE OFFICER ACCUSED OF ILLEGAL SPYING SAID HE
WORKED FOR CIA AND WILL EXPOSE CIA'S SUPPORT OF DEATH SQUADS IF HE
PROSECUTED. TOM GERARD SAID HE BEGAN WORKING FOR CIA IN 82 AND QUIT IN
85 BECAUSE HE COULD NOT TOLERATE WHAT HE SAW. HE AND ROY BULLOCK ARE
SUSPECTED OF GATHERING INFO FROM POLICE AND GVT FILES ON THOUSANDS OF
INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS. INFO PROBABLY ENDED UP WITH B'NAI B'RITH AND ADL.
CIA REFUSED TO CONFIRM GERARD'S CLAIM. GERARD SAID THERE IS PROOF CIA
DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN TRAINING AND SUPPORT OF TORTURE AND DEATH SQUADS IN EL
SALVADOR, HONDURAS, AND GUATEMALA DURING MID 80Ss. PROOF IN HIS BRIEFCASE
S.F. POLICE SEIZED. GERARD SAID SEVERAL PHOTOS SEIZED BY POLICE SHOW CIA
AGENTS ATTENDING INTERROGATIONS, OR POSING WITH DEATH SQUAD MEMBERS.
WASHINGTON TIMES 4/28/93 A6
EL SALVADOR, 80-91 TRUTH COMMISSION REPORT SAYS 19 OF 27 SALVADORAN
OFFICERS IMPLICATED IN 6 JESUIT MURDERS WERE GRADUATES OF U.S. ARMY'S
SCHOOL OF AMERICAS IN FORT BENNING, GA. ALMOST THREE QUARTERS OF SALVADORAN
OFFICERS ACCUSED IN 7 OTHER MASSACRES WERE TRAINED AT FORT BENNING. IT
CALLED SCHOOL FOR DICTATORS. SINCE 46 IT HAS TRAINED MORE THAN 56,000 LATIN
SOLDIERS. GRADUATES INCLUDE SOME OF REGION'S MOST DESPICABLE MILITARY
STRONGMEN. NOW WHEN U.S. WANTS TO BUILD DEMOCRACY, SCHOOL AN OBSTACLE.
NEWSWEEK INVESTIGATION TURNED UP HUNDREDS OF LESS THAN HONORABLE GRADS. AT
LEAST 6 PERUVIAN OFFICERS LINKED TO A MILITARY DEATH SQUAD THAT KILLED 9
STUDENTS AND A PROFESSOR WERE GRADUATES. FOUR OF FIVE SENIOR HONDURAN
OFFICERS ACCUSED IN AMERICAS WATCH REPORT OF ORGANIZING A DEATH SQUAD -
BATTALION 316 WERE TRAINED THERE. A COALITION CHARGED 246 COLOMBIAN
OFFICERS WITH HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS; 105 WERE SCHOOL ALUMNI. HONORED
GRADUATES INCLUDE GEN SUAREZ, A BRUTAL DICTATOR OF BOLIVIA; GEN. CALLEJAS
YCALLEJAS, CHIEF OF GUATEMALAN INTEL IN LATE 70s AND EARLY 80s, WHEN
THOUSANDS POLITICAL OPPONENTS WERE ASSASSINATED; AND HONDURAN GEN. GARCIA A
CORRUPT PERSONS; AND, HERNANDEZ, ARMED FORCES CHIEF OF COLOMBIA SUSPECTED
OF AIDING COLOMBIAN DRUG TRAFFICKERS. NEWSWEEK 8/9/93 36-7
EL SALVADOR, 85 IN 2/85, CIA REPORTED THAT BEHIND ARENA'S LEGITIMATE
EXTERIOR LIES A TERRORIST NETWORK LED BY D'AUBUISSON...USING BOTH
ACTIVE-DUTY AND RETIRED MILITARY PERSONNEL..." MAIN DEATH SQUAD WAS "THE
SECRET ANTI-COMMUNIST ARMY," DESCRIBED BY CIA AS THE PARAMILITARY
ORGANIZATION OF ARENA - FROM THE NATIONAL POLICE AND OTHER SECURITY ORGS.
THESE WERE FUNDED DIRECTLY FROM WASHINGTON. DEATH SQUADS BECAME MORE ACTIVE
AS 94, ELECTION APPROACHED. IN COLUMBIA, POSSIBLY LEADING TERRORIST STATE
IN LATIN AMERICA, HAS BECOME LEADING RECIPIENT OF U.S. MILITARY AID. SINCE
86, MORE THAN 20,000 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED FOR POLITICAL REASONS, MOST BY
COLUMBIAN AUTHORITIES. MORE THAN 1,500 LEADERS, MEMBERS AND SUPPORTERS OF
THE LABOR PARTY (UP) HAVE BEEN ASSASSINATED SINCE PARTY ESTABLISHED IN 85.
PRETEXT FOR TERROR OPS IS WAR AGAINST GUERRILAS AND NARCOTRAFFICKERS -
FORMER A PARTIAL TRUTH, LATTER A MYTH CONCOCTED TO REPLACE THE "COMMUNIST
THREAT." PMERS WORKS HAND-IN-HAND WITH DRUG LORDS, ORGANIZED CRIME, AND
LANDLORDS. NATIONAL POLICE TOOK OVER AS LEADING OFFICIAL KILLERS WHILE U.S.
AID SHIFTED TO THEM. TARGETS INCLUDE COMMUNITY LEADERS, HUMAN RIGHTS AND
HEALTH WORKERS, UNION ACTIVISTS, STUDENTS, MEMBERS OF RELIGIOUS YOUTH ORGS,
AND YOUNG PEOPLE IN SHANTY TOWNS. SALE OF HUMAN ORGANS. CASE OF GUATEMALA.
SHIFT OF 62, UNDER KENNEDY ADM FROM HEMISPHERIC DEFENSE TO "INTERNAL
SECURITY:" WAR AGAINST THE INTERNAL ENEMY. DOCTRINES EXPOUNDED IN
COUNTERINSURGENCY MANUALS. INTERNAL ENEMY EXTENDS TO LABOR ORGS, POPULAR
MOVEMENTS, INDIGENOUS ORGS, OPPOSITION POLITICAL PARTIES, PEASANT
MOVEMENTS, INTELLECTUAL SECTORS, RELIGIOUS CURRENTS, YOUTH AND STUDENT
GROUPS, NEIGHBORHOOD ORGS, ETC. FROM 84 THROUGH 92, 6,844 COLUMBIAN
SOLDIERS TRAINED UNDER U.S. INTERNATIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION AND TRAINING
PROGRAM (MET). Z 5/94 14 PAGES
GUATEMALA. ARTICLE BY GARY BASS AND BABETTE GRUNOW ON THE GUATEMALAN
COUNTERINSURGENCY FORCES. LIES OF OUR TIME 6/93 11-13
GUATEMALA, 60-90 HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS SAY AT LEAST 40,000 GUATEMALANS
"DISAPPEARED" IN LAST 3 DECADES. MOST WERE POOR INDIANS. ANTHROPOLOGISTS,
LED BY CLYDE SNOW, DUG AWAY AT A VILLAGE SITE. MARIA LOPEZ HAD A HUSBAND
AND A SON IN ONE GRAVE. SHE SAID ON MORNING OF VALENTINE'S DAY 82, MEMBERS
OF ANTI-GUERRILLA MILITIA TOOK HER HUSBAND AND OTHERS. THEY HAD REFUSED TO
JOIN MILITIAS KNOWN AS CIVIL SELF-DEFENSE PATROLS AND WERE KILLED. SIX
KNOWN CLANDESTINE GRAVES IN SAN JOSE PACHO. HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS BLAME MOST
DISAPPEARANCES ON ARMY-RUN CIVIL SELF-DEFENSE PATROLS SET UP UNDER
PRESIDENCIES OF GEN LUCAS GARCIA AND BRIG. GEN. RIOS MONTT. THERE ARE
HUNDREDS OF CLANDESTINE GRAVES FILLED WITH VICTIMS OF THE MILITIAS,
RIGHT-WING DEATH SQUADS AND BRUTAL COUNTERINSURGENCY CAMPAIGNS. WASHINGTON
TIMES 8/5/92 A9
GUATEMALA, 89 25 STUDENTS IN TWO YEARS KILLED BY SQUADS. ENTIRE
UNIVERSITY STUDENT ASSOCIATION HAS BEEN SILENCED. U.S. BACKED GVTS IN
VIRTUAL GENOCIDE HAVE MORE THAN 150,000 VICTIMS. AI CALLED THIS GENOCIDE A
"GVT PROGRAM OF POLITICAL MURDER." THE NATION 3/5/90 COVER, 308
GUATEMALA, 91-94 STATE DEPT REPORTED IN 91, THAT "MILITARY, CIVIL PATROLS
AND POLICE CONTINUED TO COMMIT A MAJORITY OF MAJOR HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES,
INCLUDING EXTRAJURIDICIAL KILLINGS TORTURE AND DISAPPEARANCES." GUATEMALAN
COUNTERINSURGENCY CAMPAIGN DEVISED BY U.S. CI EXPERTS CAESAR SERESERES AND
COLONEL GEORGE MINAS. FORMER SERVED AS A CONSULTANT TO RAND CORP AND STATE
DEPT'S OFFICE OF POLICY PLANNING. MINAS SERVED AS MILITARY ATTACHE IN
GUATEMALA IN EARLY 80s. BOTH ENCOURAGED POPULATION CONTROL SUCH AS
VIETNAM-STYLE MILITARY-CONTROLLED STRATEGIC HAMLETS AND CIVILIAN DEFENSE
PATROLS. TODAY GUATEMALA IS LARGEST WAREHOUSE FOR COCAINE TRANSHIPMENTS TO
U.S. DRUG TRADE RUN BY MILITARY WHICH TRIES TO BLAME THE LEFTISTS. COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SPRING 94 28-33
GUATEMALA, 92 RIGHTS ABUSES IN GUATEMALA CONTINUE, PARAMILITARY CIVILIAN
PATROLS - SELF DEFENSE PATROLS - ACCUSED OF CAMPAIGN OF TERROR, CONTROL
RURAL AREAS. PATROLS ANSWER TO MILITARY. WASHINGTON POST 10/4/92 A35
CENTRAL AMERICA, 81-87 DEATH TOLL UNDER REAGAN IN EL SALVADOR PASSED
50,000 AND IN GUATEMALA IT MAY APPROACH 100,000. IN NICARAGUA 11,000
CIVILIANS KILLED BY 1968. DEATH TOLL IN REGION 150,000 OR MORE. CHOMSKY, N.
(1988). THE CULTURE OF TERRORISM 29
CENTRAL AMERICA, CIRCA 79-87 ACCORDING AMERICAS WATCH CIVILIAN NON
COMBATANT DEATHS ATTRIBUTABLE GVT FORCES NICARAGUA MIGHT REACH 300, MOST
MISKITO INDIANS IN COMPARISON 40-50,000 SALVADORAN CITIZENS KILLED BY DEATH
SQUADS AND GVT FORCES DURING SAME YEARS, ALONG WITH SIMILAR NUMBER DURING
LAST YEAR OF SOMOZA AND STILL HIGHER NUMBERS IN GUATEMALA. CHOMSKY, N.
(1988). THE CULTURE OF TERRORISM 101
CIA SET UP ANSESAL AND OTHER NETWORKS OF TERROR IN EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA
(ANSEGAT) AND PRE-SANDINISTA NICARAGUA (ANSENIC). THE CIA CREATED,
STRUCTURED AND TRAINED SECRET POLICE IN SOUTH KOREA, IRAN, CHILE AND
URUGUAY, AND ELSEWHERE - ORGANIZATIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR UNTOLD THOUSANDS OF
TORTURES, DISAPPEARANCES, AND DEATHS. SPARK 4/85 P2-4
EL SALVADOR COVERT ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY)
12:14-15;12:5-13. GUATEMALA 12:21. 12:16-21.
GUATEMALA, 53-84 FOR 30 YEARS THE CIA HAS BEEN BANKROLLING A MAN REPORTED
TO BE BEHIND RIGHT-WING TERROR IN CENTRAL AMERICA. THE CIA'S PROTEGE, MARIO
SANDOVAL ALARCON, FORMER V.P. OF GUATEMALA, NOW HEADS THE NATIONAL
LIBERATION MOVEMENT (NLM) FOUNDED IN 53 BY CIA AS A PARAMILITARY FORCE TO
OVERTHROW ARBENZ. BY MID-60S SANDOVAL EMERGED AS HEAD OF THE ORG. THE WHITE
HAND OR LA MANO BLANCO WITH CLOSE TIES TO THE NLM WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR AS
MANY AS 8000 DEATHS IN THE 60S PLUS MORE IN THE 70S. SANDOVAL A PILLAR OF
THE WORLD ANTI-COMMUNIST LEAGUE. THE CIA STILL FUNDS SANDOVAL. JA
WASHINGTON POST1 1/30/84
GUATEMALA, 54-76 EFFECT OF CIA COUP ORGANIZED LABOR ALL BUT WIPED OUT.
UNION MEMBERSHIP DROPPED 100,000 TO 27,000 IMMEDIATELY AND CONTINUED
DECLINE THEREAFTER, IN PART DUE TO DEATH SQUAD ACTIVITY. BARRY, T., &
PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA 21
GUATEMALA. POLICE TRAINED BY AID PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAM MURDERED OR
DISAPPEARED 15,000 PEOPLE. LERNOUX, P. (1982). CRY OF THE PEOPLE 186
GUATEMALA, 54-84 SEE JACK ANDERSON COLUMN "LINKS REPORTED AMONG LATIN
DEATH SQUADS." WASHINGTON POST 1/12/84 N.VA15
GUATEMALA, 70-72 UNDER ARANA PRESIDENCY, WITH MARIO SANDOVAL ALARCON AND
OTHERS INVOLVED IN RIGHT-WING TERRORISM, ARANA UNLEASHED ONE OF THE MOST
GRUESOME SLAUGHTERS IN RECENT LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY (ONLY IN CHILE,
FOLLOWING THE COUP AGAINST ALLENDE WAS THE DEGREE OF VIOLENCE GREATER). THE
NYT REPORTED IN JUNE 71 THAT AT LEAST 2000 GUATEMALANS WERE ASSASSINATED
BETWEEN 11/70 AND 5/71; MOST CORPSES SHOWED SIGNS OF TORTURE. MOST OF
KILLING ATTRIBUTED TO THE OFFICIALLY SUPPORTED TERRORIST ORGS OJO POR OJO
(AN EYE FOR AN EYE) AND MANO BLANCA. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974).
GUATEMALA 202-3
GUATEMALA, 70-87 VIOLENCE BY SECURITY FORCES ORGANIZED BY CIA, TRAINED
IN TORTURE BY ADVISORS FROM ARGENTINA, CHILE. SUPPORTED BY WEAPON, COMPUTER
EXPERTS FROM ISRAEL. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). THE
IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 133
GUATEMALA. TRAINED 60-82 MILITARY DEATH SQUADS WHO USED "TERROR TACTICS"
FROM KILLING TO INDISCRIMINATE NAPALMING OF VILLAGES. SPECIAL FORCES ALMOST
CERTAINLY PARTICIPATED IN OPS DESPITE CONGRESSIONAL PROHIBITION. MARSHALL,
J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 193
GUATEMALA, 54 THE US AMBASSADOR, AFTER OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ GVT, GAVE
LISTS TO ARMAS OF RADICAL OPPONENTS TO BE ELIMINATED. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE
LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P4
GUATEMALA, 85 THE WORLD ANTI-COMMUNIST LEAGUE'S POINT MAN, MARIO SANDOVAL
ALARCON, REMAINS A LEAGUE MEMBER EVEN AFTER EXPOSED AS A DEATH SQUAD
PATRIARCH WHO WAS ON THE CIA PAYROLL. JA WASHINGTON POST8 8/9/86
GUATEMALA, 89 CLIMATE OF TERROR GRIPS GUATEMALA. KILLERS, BOMBERS SAID TO
TARGET CIVILIAN RULE. WASHINGTON POST 9/29/89 A45
GUATEMALA, CIRCA 68-70 U.S. CI PROGRAM TURNED AREA INTO BLOODY WAR ZONE
TAKING THE LIVES OF THOUSANDS OF PEASANTS. FORMED MANO BLANCA OR WHITE
HAND. PLAN USED THRUOUT COUNTRY IN 70 NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA)
3/74 P19
ISRAEL RANKS AS FIFTH LARGEST EXPORTER OF ARMS IN WORLD, ACCORDING CIA
ESTIMATES, AND HAS BECOME ESSENTIAL ELEMENT GLOBAL CI BUSINESS. "HIT LISTS"
USED BY DEATH SQUADS IN GUATEMALA HAVE BEEN COMPUTERIZED WITH ISRAELI
ASSISTANCE AND UZI MACHINE GUNS THE STANDARD WEAPON OF DEATH SQUADS. COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 88 5
LATIN AMERICA. CIA ORGANIZES RIGHT WING TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS THAT ATTACK
AND ASSASSINATE LEFTIST POLITICIANS AND OTHERS WITHOUT IMPLICATING FOREIGN
GOV'S. GROUPS INCLUDE "LA MANO BLANCO" & "OJO POR OJO" (GUATEMALA), "LA
BANDA" (DOMINICAN REPUBLIC), & "DEATH SQUAD" (BRAZIL). COUNTERSPY 3/73 4
LATIN AMERICA. CIA TRAINED ASSASSINATION GROUPS SUCH AS HALCONES IN MEXICO,
THE MANO BLANCA IN GUATEMALA, AND THE ESCUADRON DE LA MUERTE IN BRAZIL.
NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 8/74 P11
DECEPTION
GUATEMALA 54 WELL-ORGANIZED RUMOR MILL USED IN OP SUCCESS. AMERICANS IN
CONTACT U.S. EMBASSY, AS WELL AS EMBASSY EMPLOYEES, BENIGNLY ASKED
GUATEMALAN FRIENDS IF IT TRUE THAT CRUISERS AND AIRCRAFT CARRIERS HAD
ANCHORED OFF COAST OR THAT PARATROOPERS HAD LANDED IN NORTH. RUMORS CAME
BACK WITHIN HOURS TO THE PEOPLE WHO HAD STARTED THEM, NEARLY ALWAYS
EXPANDED TO LUDICROUS PROPORTIONS. DL 236 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER,
S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 192-93
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS WITH UNITED FRUIT BROUGHT GUATEMALA TO ATTENTION
OF NEW YORK TIMES PUBLISHER SULZBURGER WHO MADE AN INSPECTION TRIP TO
COUNTRY - WHILE ON TRIP A "COMMUNIST RIOT" TOOK PLACE. A PR COUP FOR
BERNAYS. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED
FRUIT 46
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER A GUATEMALAN FIGHTER PILOT DEFECTED IN 1954, CIA
AGENTS GOT HIM DRUNK SO HE WOULD CALL ON FORMER COLLEAGUES TO DEFECT. PILOT
REFUSED AT FIRST, BUT THEN OBLIGED WHEN CIA TOLD HIM TO ACT OUT KIND OF
SPEECH HE WOULD MAKE IF HE HAD NO RELATIVES IN GUAT. CIA BROADCASTED
RECORDING FROM VOICE OF LIBERATION, A REBEL STATION OPERATING OUT OF
HONDURAS. GUATEMALANS PROMPTLY GROUNDED THEIR AIR FORCE. WYDEN, P. (1979).
BAY OF PIGS THE UNTOLD STORY 21
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA'S "VOICE OF LIBERATION" RADIO OPERATORS SNUGGLED UP TO
FREQUENCIES GUATEMALAN RADIO STATIONS AND SPOOFED MILITARY SIGNALS,
SKILLFULLY PAINTED A PICTURE OF WAR AND UPHEAVAL. FABRICATED REPORTS OF
LARGE TROOP MOVEMENTS, FEARSOME BATTLES, MAJOR GUATEMALAN DEFEATS AND
GROWING REBEL STRENGTH FRIGHTENING AN ALREADY CONFUSED AND DISHEARTENED
PEOPLE. DL 234 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT
184-85
GUATEMALA, 54 COMMUNISM USED AS TOOL TO RALLY CENTRAL AMERICAN SUPPORT
AND AS AN EXCUSE TO OVERTHROW NATIONALIST, ANTI-IMPERIALIST GVT OF ARBENZ.
A.A. BERLE SENT OUTLINE PLAN FOR OVERTHROW OF GVT. COOK, B. (1981). THE
DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 230-234
GUATEMALA, 54 FINAL OPS NEEDED ONE USEABLE GUATEMALAN DEFECTOR AND ONE
REASONABLE PRETEXT. CIA OFFICER DEFECTED SENIOR OFFICER ON ARBENZ'S STAFF.
HE SUPPLIED MILITARY INFO AND "CONFIRMED ARRIVAL OF CZECH MUNITIONS SHIP."
ARRIVAL OF ALFHEM, CARRYING ARMS WAS LONG AWAITED PRETEXT. U.S. PUBLIC
RELATIONS FLOP. COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 266-268
GUATEMALA, 54 PLAN ONE PART MILITARY ACTION AND NINE PARTS PROPAGANDA AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE. POWERS, T. (1979). THE MAN WHO KEPT THE SECRETS
86-8
GUATEMALA, 54 THE DOS PROTEST IN 5/54 THAT A CZECH ARMS SHIPMENT WAS ON
ITS WAY TO PUERTO BARRIOS WAS JUST A PSYWAR PLOY. JEFFREYS-JONES, R.
(1989). THE CIA & AMERICAN DEMOCRACY 91
HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, 54 ON 22 JUN 54, GUA. REBEL P-47 BOMBED HONDURAN
BORDER TOWN OF SAN PEDRO DE COPAN. SEC. DULLES ANNOUNCED GOV. OF GUATEMALA
WAS RESPONSIBLE. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 340
NICARAGUA, GUATEMALA, 54 IN EFFORT TO DEMONSTRATE SOVIET ARMING OF
GUATEMALA, CIA PLANTED SOVIET MARKED ARMS CACHE ON NICARAGUA'S PACIFIC
COAST IN MAY 54. SOMOZA FLAUNTED "DISCOVERY" FOR PRESS. GLIEJESES, P.
(1991). SHATTERED HOPE 294
FROM 50-59 CIA DURING DULLES ERA TOPPLED ONLY 2 GVTS-- IRAN AND
GUATEMALA. CLINE, R.S. (1976). SECRETS, SPIES, AND SCHOLARS 133
DOMESTIC. EISENHOWER LIED RE U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN GUATEMALAN COUP 54 ABOUT
CIA'S SUPPORT REBELLION INDONESIA 58 AND GARY POWERS 60 U-2 MISSION.
KENNEDY LIED ABOUT CIA'S ROLE AT BAY OF PIGS 61 JOHNSON ADM LIED ABOUT
EXTENT OPS IN VIETNAM AND LAOS NIXON LIED ABOUT CIA'S ROLE IN CHILE 70
FOR ADHERENTS CULT OF INTEL, HYPOCRISY, DECEPTION, LIKE SECRECY, ARE
STANDARD TO PREVENT PUBLIC AWARENESS CIA OPS. MARCHETTI, V., & MARKS, J.D.
(1974). THE CIA AND THE CULT OF INTELLIGENCE 6
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER CIA COUP, TO PROVE ARBENZ A COMMUNIST, CIA TOOK
NEWSMEN ON TOUR OF HIS HOUSE WHERE THEY FOUND SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS OBVIOUSLY
PRINTED IN THE USSR. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT
220
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA FABRICATED AN INCIDENT THAT COULD BE USED TO JUSTIFY
MILITARY INTERVENTION. PILOT SENT TO DROP SEVERAL BOMBS AROUND A HONDURAN
AIRSTRIP NEAR BORDER SO HONDURANS COULD CLAIM THEY ATTACKED BY ARBENZ.
HONDURAS WOULD THEN CALL FOR HELP FROM OAS. PLOT BADLY HANDLED AND DID NOT
WORK. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 175
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA LAUNCHED CLANDESTINE RADIO CAMPAIGN 7 WEEKS BEFORE
INVASION. TRAINED 3 GUATEMALANS AT OPA-LOCKA IN CLASSIC DISINFORMATION.
STATION CALLED VOICE OF LIBERATION. THEME OF BROADCASTS WAS ARBENZ SECRETLY
PLANNING TO DISBAND ARMED FORCES AND REPLACE THEM WITH PEOPLES MILITIA. CIA
LEAFLETS CARRIED SAME MESSAGE. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER
FRUIT 168
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA LEAFLETS DROPPED IN GUATEMALA WARNED OF A SECRET PLAN
BY PRES. ARBENZ TO REPLACE MILITARY WITH A CITIZENS FORCES (OR MILITIA).
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 8
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA-BACKED BROADCASTS FABRICATED REPORTS OF LARGE TROOP
MOVEMENTS, FEARSOME BATTLES, MAJOR GUATEMALAN DEFEATS AND GROWING REBEL
STRENGTH. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 185, 192
GUATEMALA, 54 RUMORS FLOATED THAT LARGE LABOR CONFEDERATIONS, THE RURAL
UNION CNGG, HAD SENT TELEGRAMS TO PROVINCIAL AFFILIATES TELLING THEM TO
PREPARE FIGHT ENEMY. OPS RAISED SPECTER OF A "PEOPLES MILITIA."
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 165
GUATEMALA, 54 SMALL CIA AIR FORCE OF P-47 THUNDERBOLTS BOMBED GUATEMALA,
AMBASSADOR TO UN CATEGORICALLY DENIED U.S. INVOLVEMENT COUP. WISE, D.
(1973). THE POLITICS OF LYING 51
GUATEMALA, DOMESTIC OP, 54 NEWSMEN AFTER COUP BROUGHT TO ARBENZ'S HOME
AND SHOWN STACKS OF SOVIET TEXTBOOK AND OTHER EVIDENCE ARBENZ'S COMMUNIST
STOOGE ROLE. BUT NYT REPORTER DECIDED EVIDENCE PLANTED. BUT TIME MAGAZINE
REPORTED IT. KWITNY, J. (1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 227
MEMBERS CULT OF INTEL, HAVE LIED TO PROTECT THE CIA AND TO HIDE THEIR OWN
RESPONSIBILITY FOR OPS. EISENHOWER ADM LIED TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE ABOUT
CIA INVOLVEMENT IN GUATEMALA COUP, ABOUT AGENCY'S SUPPORT FOR UNSUCCESSFUL
REBELLION IN INDONESIA, ABOUT GARY POWER'S U-2 MISSION. KENNEDY ADM LIED
ABOUT BAY OF PIGS, JOHNSON ADM LIED ABOUT VIETNAM AND LAOS. NIXON
ADMINISTRATION ADM LIED ABOUT CHILEAN OVERTHROW. MARCHETTI, V., & MARKS,
J.D. (1974). THE CIA AND THE CULT OF INTELLIGENCE 5
DOCUMENT
GUATEMALA, 54 HOWARD HUNT ISSUED FALSE DOCUMENTS. SCHLESINGER, S., &
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 114
GUATEMALA, CIRCA 54 FOR HIS ASSIGNMENT TO THE CENTRAL COVER DIVISION
PROVIDED H. HUNT WITH DOCUMENTATION IN ALIAS, AUTHENTIC BUT NON-FUNCTIONAL
CREDIT CARDS, BANK REFERENCES AND THE LIKE. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER
97
DOMESTIC OP
CENTRAL AMERICA, 83-84 TEXT OF AN NSC DOC "U.S. POLICY IN C.A. AND CUBA
THROUGH F.Y.84, SUMMARY PAPER," ON A MEETING OF THE NSC PLANNING GROUP
4/82. DOC CALLS FOR KEEPING THE NICARAGUAN GVT FROM "EXPORTING REVOLUTION,"
AND TO STRENGTHEN PRO-U.S. ELEMENTS IN EL SALVADOR AND GUATEMALA. IT
APPROVES THE BEGINNING OF COVERT OPS IN GUATEMALA AGAINST ANTI-GVT FORCES
AND AN EFFORT TO KEEP MEXICO "ISOLATED" FROM C.A. ISSUES. GROUP DISCUSSED
MAKING CONCERTED EFFORT TO INCREASE FACTIONAL STRIFE AMONG GUERRILLA GROUPS
AND THEIR POLITICAL ALLIES IN EL SALVADOR. PROPOSED STEPPING UP EFFORTS TO
COOPT CONGRESSIONAL EFFORTS TO LINK APPROVAL OF AID TO PROMOTION OF TALKS
BETWEEN WARRING SIDES IN C.A. NEW YORK TIMES 4/7/83 A1,16
CUBA, 61 NEW YORK TIMES REPORTED ON 4/7/61 THAT 5,000 TO 6,000 MEN
RECRUITED TO LIBERATE CUBA AND THAT THEIR TRAINING IN FLORIDA, LOUISIANA,
AND GUATEMALA ALMOST COMPLETE. HIGGINS, T. (1987). THE PERFECT FAILURE 117
FOR EIGHT YEARS INSLAW BATTLING JUSTICE DEPT FOR POSSESSION OF PROMIS, A
SOFT-WARE PROGRAM DEVELOPED BY COMPANY OWNER BILL HAMILTON. IN 91 INSLAW
WENT PUBLIC AND ALLEGED REAGAN JUSTICE DEPT, AFTER IT HAD STOLEN PROMIS,
TURNED IT OVER TO EARL BRIAN. INSLAW ALLEGES SOFTWARE GIVEN BRIAN AS
PAYBACK FOR BRIAN'S HELP IN ARRANGING ARMS-FOR-HOSTAGE DEAL WITH IRAN IN
1980 (OCTOBER SURPRISE). PER HAMILTON, BRIAN, WHO RUNS UPI, ALLEGEDLY
MARKETED PROMIS TO INTEL AGENCIES OF ISRAEL, JORDAN, IRAQ, CANADA, SOUTH
KOREA, LIBYA, ENGLAND, GERMANY, FRANCE, AUSTRALIA, THAILAND, JAPAN, CHILE,
GUATEMALA, AND BRAZIL. PER INSLAW, ONCE SOFTWARE USED BY FOREIGN INTEL
SERVICES, NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY (NSA) ABLE INFILTRATE COMPUTERIZED INTEL
FILES THOSE COUNTRIES. MODIFICATIONS TO PROMIS ALLEGEDLY DONE BY WACKENHUT
CORP. OF CORAL GABLES, FL. HOUSE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE INVESTIGATING SCANDAL
SINCE 89. ATTORNEY GENERAL THORNBURG, UNDER SUPOENA, RELEASED
INSLAW-RELATED FILES - BUT 15 TO 20 FILES MISSING. IN THESE TIMES 9/10/91
4-5
GEORGE BUSH'S SECOND ELDEST SON, JOHN ELLIS OR JEB, ALSO LINKED TO
CLANDESTINE SCHEMES IN SUPPORT OF CONTRAS. JEB ACTED AS REAGAN ADM'S
UNOFFICIAL LINK WITH CONTRAS AND NICARAGUAN EXILES IN MIAMI. JEB HELPED
RIGHT-WING GUATEMALAN POLITICIAN DR. MARIO CASTEJON GET IN CONTACT WITH
OLIVER NORTH RE VARIOUS PROJECTS. CASTEJON PROPOSAL RE MEDICAL AID PROJECT
FOR CONTRAS. CASTEJON PROPOSAL TO TGS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED IN VIRGINIA.
WHALEY SAID HE SENT REPORT TO TGS SO IT WOULD BE QUIETLY FORWARDED TO CIA.
TGS INTERNATIONAL OWNED BY TED SHACKLEY. JEB INVOLVED WITH MIGUEL RECAREY,
JR, A RIGHT-WING CUBAN WHO HEADED INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CENTERS (IMC) IN
MIAMI. HHS MEDICARE FRAUD INSPECTOR CHARGED IMC USED MEDICARE FUNDS TO
TREAT WOUNDED CONTRAS AT ITS HOSPITAL. TRANSACTION ARRANGED BY IMC OFFICIAL
JOSE BASULTO, A RIGHT-WING CUBAN TRAINED BY CIA. RECAREY EMBEZZLING
MEDICARE FUNDS. RECAREY HAS LINKS TO MAFIA - INFO RE SANTOS TRAFFICANTE.
RECAREY FLED U.S. IN 87 TO AVOID FEDERAL INDICTMENT. JEB BUSH ALSO LINKED
TO LEONEL MARTINEZ, MIAMI-BASED CUBAN-AMERICAN DRUG TRAFFICKER WHO LINKED
TO EDEN PASTORA. DETAILS RE MARTINEZ'S DEALS. TIES TO BCCI, ETC. COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) SUMMER 92 54-58
GUATEMALA, 54 JOHN PUERIFOY TOLD "TIME" MAGAZINE REPORTER "PUBLIC
OPINION" IN U.S. MIGHT FORCE ACTIONS TO PREVENT GUATEMALA FALLING INTO LAP
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM. PRES. EISENHOWER TALKED ABOUT EVIDENCE AGENTS
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM BUT LITTLE EVIDENCE. PRADOS, J. (1986). PRESIDENTS'
SECRET WARS 102
GUATEMALA, 54 NATIONAL GUARD UNITS IN DEEP SOUTH LOANED PLANES TO CIA
WHICH IN TURN RENTED THEM TO GVT OF NICARAGUA FOR $100 A PIECE.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 115
GUATEMALA, 54 TO SILENCE SYDNEY GRUSON, AN EXPERIENCED NY TIMES
REPORTER, ALLEN DULLES CONTACTED GENERAL JULIUS ADLER, BUSINESS MANAGER OF
THE TIMES. TOLD HIM GRUSON AND WIFE, FLORA LEWIS, WERE UNRELIABLE. ARTHUR
HAYS SULZBERGER, PUBLISHER, TOLD GRUSON TO STAY PUT IN MEXICO CITY (DURING
CIA COUP). SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 155
GUATEMALA, 54 EDWARD BERNAYS CHIEF LOBBYIST OF FORCES SEEKING THE
OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ'S GVT HAD AN ESPECIALLY CLOSE RELATIONSHIP WITH "THE
NEW LEADER," A VIGOROUSLY ANTI-COMMUNIST LIBERAL WEEKLY.... BERNAYS
PERSUADED UNITED FRUIT COMPANY TO SPONSOR PUBLIC SERVICE ADS ON BEHALF OF
RED CROSS AND U.S. SAVINGS BONDS IN THE MAGAZINE AT $1,000.00 A PAGE, FAR
ABOVE GOING RATE. "THE NEW LEADER"...CARRIED NUMEROUS ARTICLES, BOTH BEFORE
AND AFTER COUP, JUSTIFYING INTERVENTION AGAINST ARBENZ'S REGIME ON GROUNDS
THAT A SOVIET TAKEOVER LIKELY. A MANAGING EDITOR OF "THE NEW LEADER" IN THE
50s, DANIEL JAMES, WROTE A BOOK ENTITLED "RED DESIGN FOR THE AMERICAS,"
WHICH PROVIDED A RATIONALE FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF GUATEMALAN DEMOCRACY.
UNITED FRUIT AND CIA COOPERATED TO ENSURE WORK HAD A WIDE DISTRIBUTION.
TAKEN FROM BOOK BITTER FRUIT. HITCHENS, C. (1988). PREPARED FOR THE WORST
271
GUATEMALA, 54 THE NEW YORK TIMES AND LIFE USED INFORMATION FROM THE
CIA-BACKED STATION "VOICE OF LIBERATION," AS AUTHENTIC. PHILLIPS, D.A.
(1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 46
GUATEMALA, 54 TO CONVINCE WORLD THAT REDS IN GUATEMALA DOMINATED, OPS
COORDINATION BOARD SPECIAL STAFF GATHERED ALL DATA TO SEND TO APPROPRIATE
INDIVIDUALS THRUOUT AMERICAS. THERE TO BE INQUIRY BY HOUSE SELECT COMMITTEE
ON COMMUNIST AGGRESSION, CHAIRED BY CHARLES KERSTEN; AN INQUIRY BY SENATE
SUB-COM ON INTERNAL SECURITY. FRANK WISNER, DDP, SUGGESTED EISENHOWER TELL
CONGRESSIONAL LEADERS "WE ARE TRYING TO PURGE GVT OF COMMUNIST ELEMENTS."
COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 265
GUATEMALA, 54 WITH DECISION TO OVERTHROW GVT THE DOS SOLICITED NEWSMEN TO
WRITE ABOUT EVENTS. ONE DOS MEMO SAID ITS OFFICERS SHOULD VISIT AN EDITOR
OF FORTUNE, CHARLES MURPHY, PRESUMABLY TO LEAK HIM "FAVORABLE STORIES," AND
ANOTHER SAID THE SIMILAR IDEA RE DREW PEARSON. THE NATION 10/28/78 P442
GUATEMALA, 80 GUATEMALAN CITIZENS WITH CIA LINKS CONTRIBUTED ALLEGED $10
MILLION TO REAGAN ELECTION CAMPAIGN. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J.
(1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 53-4
GUATEMALA, 54 OPA-LOCKA MARINE AIR BASE IS BASE FOR CIA OVERTURN OP.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 110
GUATEMALA, MEDIA, 54 DULLES LIED TO NYT TO GET TIME'S BEST REPORTER OUT
OF CENTRAL AMERICA BEFORE COUP. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983).
BITTER FRUIT XIII
IRAN, GUATEMALA. CIA LEAKED DETAILS IRAN AND GUATEMALA OP RICHARD AND
GLADYS HARKNESS FOR SERIES ARTICLES. PRADOS, J. (1986). PRESIDENTS' SECRET
WARS 106-7
ISRAEL, 60-93 FOR DECADES ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE OF B'NAI B'RITH HAS RUN
A PRIVATE SPY NET. MAINTAINED FILES ON 950 ORGANIZATIONS AND NEARLY 10,000
INDIVIDUALS. ADL COOPERATED WITH STATE, FEDERAL, AND FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE
ENTITIES. SHARING INCLUDED CONFIDENTIAL INFO WAS ILLEGAL, A THREAT TO CIVIL
LIBERTIES, AND AN INFRINGEMENT ON RIGHT TO PRIVACY. THOSE INVOLVED INCLUDED
TOM GERARD, ROY BULLOCK, IRWIN SUALL, THOMAS HALPERIN, ETC. GERARD WAS AN
OFFICER OF SAN FRAN POLICE DEPT SINCE 68 WHO CLAIMS FROM 82-85, HE TOOK A
3-YEAR LEAVE TO SERVE WITH CIA IN EL SALVADOR (WITH DEATH SQUADS), HONDURAS
AND GUATEMALA AS A BOMB EXPERT. HE ALSO CLAIMED TO HAVE SERVED IN ALGERIA
AND AFGHANISTAN. IN POLICE SEARCH THEY FOUND IN GERARD'S LOCKER SOME
SOUVENIRS OF CIA DAYS, 10 PASSPORTS IN DIFFERENT NAMES, CIA MANUALS.
LOOSE-LEAF BINDER HAD MORE THAN 100 NAMES AND PHONE NUMBERS TITLED
"INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES DIV, SPECIAL ACTIVITIES GROUP" WHICH HANDLES
CIA'S PM OPS. HE SAID IT WAS A WHO'S WHO OF CIA AND HE STASHED MATERIAL IN
85 WHEN HE LEFT CIA IN CASE HE EVER NEEDED PROTECTION. A LIST OF
ORGANIZATIONS FOUND IN ADL'S FILES. COVERT ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN
(QUARTERLY) SUMMER 93 29-37
MEDIA. AUTHORS ARTICLES IN SAT EVEN POST R. AND G. HARKNESS STATED THEY
SPENT YEAR WITH CIA IN PREPARING SERIES ARTICLES IN OCT/NOV 54 CLAIMED
CIA HAD ROLE EGYPT REVOLT OF 52, GUATEMALA 54 AND IRAN 53. KWITNY, J.
(1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 165
MEDIA. NEW YORK TIMES REPORTER SIDNEY GRUSON AS A RESULT OF PRESSURE BY
ALLEN DULLES WAS KEPT OUT OF GUATEMALA DURING UNFOLDING OF CIA'S COVERT OP.
HIGGINS, T. (1987). THE PERFECT FAILURE 28
PAST 6 YEARS INSLAW CORP OF D.C. IN COURTS CHARGING JUSTICE DEPT ROBBED IT
OF SOFTWARE PROGRAM PROMIS (PROSECUTOR'S MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM) AND
THEN INITIATED A COVER-UP. PROMIS ALLOWS ANY LAW-ENFORCEMENT ELEMENT TO
TRACK CASES ALSO ALLOWS MERGING OF DIFFERENT DATABASES. OWNER BILL HAMILTON
BELIEVES PROMIS INTEGRATED INTO CIA'S COMPUTER NET IN 83 JUSTICE DEPT PER
HAMILTON TURNED INTERNATIONAL MARKETING OF SYSTEM OVER TO EARL BRIAN -
OWNER OF UNITED PRESS INTERNATIONAL AS A REWARD FOR BRIAN'S ALLEGED ROLE IN
80 OCTOBER SURPRISE. PROMIS SOLD FOREIGN INTEL SERVICES AROUND WORLD -
SOUTH KOREA, LIBYA, JORDAN, GREAT BRITAIN, GERMANY, FRANCE, AUSTRALIA,
THAILAND, JAPAN, CHILE, GUATEMALA, BRAZIL AND CANADA. SALES ALSO FUNDED
OFF-THE-BOOK COVERT OPS. NSA USES PROMIS AS A TROJAN HORSE TO INFILTRATE
INTEL FILES OF THOSE COUNTRIES. HAMILTON SUSPECTS PROMIS BEING USED FOR
DOMESTIC INTEL MARRYING FBI AND DEA DATABASES WITH THOSE OF CIA. HAMILTON
WON COURT CASES BUT IT ULTIMATELY OVERTURNED. ARI BEN MENASHE CLAIMS THAT
BRIAN ONE OF TWO REAGAN-BUSH CAMPAIGN REPS RE OCTOBER SURPRISE. CANADIAN
STOCKBROKER JOHN BELTON IN 87 FILED A SECURITIES FRAUD AGAINST BRIAN AND
OTHERS. BRIAN OWNS HADRON INC. THAT IN 83 TRIED TO ACQUIRE INSLAW. IN
THESE TIMES 2/4/92 4-5
TAIWAN, 59-76 BEGINNING IN 59 WITH COVERT SUPPORT FROM CIA, TAIPEI
ESTABLISHED PROGRAM FOR ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ACROSS AFRICA,
LATIN AMERICA, AND SOUTHEAST ASIA. ONE PEACE-CORPS TYPE OP. KMT SET UP
TRAINING OPS FOR ARMED SERVICES OF SINGAPORE, PHILIPPINES, AND VARIOUS
LATIN AMERICAN NATIONS. MILITARY ADVISORS SENT TO HONDURAS AND GUATEMALA.
CORE OF WHAT TAIWAN OFFERED WAS POLITICAL WARFARE ACADEMY (PWA). SINCE
EARLY 70s, KMT HANDED OUT HUNDREDS OF EXPENSE PAID TRIPS TO ACADEMY -
POPULAR ESPECIALLY WITH LATIN AMERICANS. PWA PAINTED A BLACK-AND-WHITE
WORLD OF PRO-COMMUNIST AND ANTI-COMMUNIST, IN WHICH ANYTHING JUSTIFIED TO
PROTECT AGAINST RED MENACE. WORLD ANTI-COMMUNIST LEAGUE FOUNDED IN 66 BY
TAIWAN AND S. KOREA. WACL A COLLECTION OF ROGUES AND REACTIONARIES FROM FAR
RIGHT. BY MID-70s, WACL HAD GROWN TO DOZENS OF CHAPTERS ON SIX CONTINENTS.
WITH WACL'S HELP, KMT BROUGHT MOST STRIDENTLY ANTI-COMMUNIST FACTIONS TO
PWA. KAPLAN, D. (1992). FIRES OF THE DRAGON: POLITICS, MURDER, AND THE
KUOMINTANG 215-6
THE CHIEF PR OFFICER OF UNITED FRUIT COMPANY SAID "A GREAT DEAL OF THE NEWS
WHICH APPEARED IN THE NORTH AMERICAN PRESS WAS SUPPLIED, EDITED AND
SOMETIMES MADE UP BY UNITED FRUIT'S PUBLIC RELATIONS DEPT." DURING THE
PERIOD WHEN BOTH "COMPANIES" (UF AND THE CIA) WERE LAYING THE GROUNDWORK
FOR THE OVERTHROW OF THE GUATEMALAN DEMOCRACY. Z MAGAZINE 11/88 14
WATERGATE SAID INVOLVE RECYCLING FOREIGN FUNDS IN U.S. ELECTIONS AND
INTERNATIONAL POWER STRUGGLE 70-87 BETWEEN FACTIONS COMPETING FOR CIA
INFLUENCE. CARTER REFORMS OF CIA SAID TO HAVE FORGED CLOSER INTERNATIONAL
PRO-COVERT ACTION ALLIANCE WHICH BACKED REAGAN PRES BID AND PUSHED CONTRA
OP TO RESURRECT ACTIVIST CIA. CONSPIRACY SAID TO INVOLVE GUATEMALA,
ARGENTINA, TAIWAN, WACL, SPEC OPS/CIA VETS. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., &
HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 20-49
DRUGS
AN OPEN LETTER TO MEMBERS OF CONGRESS RE THE LINK BETWEEN U.S./CIA/POLICY
AND DRUG SMUGGLERS IN LAOS, CAMBODIA, VIETNAM, THAILAND, AFGHANISTAN,
PAKISTAN, PANAMA, COSTA RICA, HONDURAS AND GUATEMALA. UNCLASSIFIED 11/91
10-11
MEXICO, GUATEMALA, 81-84 CIA TRAINED GUATEMALAN GUERRILLAS IN EARLY 1980S
AT A RANCH NEAR VERACRUZ, MEXICO, OWNED BY DRUG LORD RAFAEL CARO QUNTERO,
ONE OF THE MURDERERS OF U.S. DRUG AGENT "KIKI" CAMARENA, ACCORDING TO DRUG
ENFORCEMENT ADMIN REPORT MADE PUBLIC HERE. WP 7/5/90, A8. DOJ ASKED
IRAN-CONTRA PROSECUTOR WALSH'S OFFICE REVIEW ALLEGATIONS CIA USED RANCH OF
MEXICAN DRUG TRAFFICKER AS A TRAINING BASE IN EARLY 80S. WP 7/6/90, A4.
JUDGE IN ENRIQUE "KIKI" CAMARENA MURDER TRIAL TODAY CALLED "INCOMPETENT"
TESTIMONY OF A PROSECUTION WITNESS WHO HAD ALLEGED THAT MEXICAN DRUG
TRAFFICKERS WERE LINKED WITH CIA AND WERE HELPING TO ARM NICARAGUAN REBELS.
WASHINGTON POST 7/17/90, A11
ECONOMIC WAR
GUATEMALA, 54 U.S. POLITICAL ACTION OFFICER IN GUATEMALA, JOHN HILL,
LISTED SEVERAL ECONOMIC MEASURES TO KEEP GUATEMALA OFF BALANCE. 1. DIVERT
GAS TANKERS; 2. CREDIT FROM U.S. INSTITUTIONS THREATENED OR STOPPED. 3.
FLIGHT OF CAPITAL - CIA PLANNED A RUMOR CAMPAIGN TO STIMULATE A BUSINESS
PANIC. COOK, B. (1981). THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER 271
ELECTION
84-87 NED PROGRAMS TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY IN CHILE AND PARAGUAY. IN
HAITI WORKING TO MOLD NEW DEMOCRATIC CONSENSUS. IN PHILIPPINES NED THRU ITS
4 CORE GRANTEES - FTUI, CIPE, NDI, NRI AND IN COOPERATION WITH YMCA
CONTRIBUTED TO TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY 2/86. SENT INTERNATIONAL OBSERVER
DELEGATION TO FEB ELECTIONS, WHICH HELPED TURN TIDE. IN GUATEMALA NED
SUPPORTED BUSINESSMEN TO DEVELOP NON-PARTISAN POLITICAL FORUM AND HELPED
GET OUT VOTE IN 85 ELECTIONS. IN HAITI SUPPORT GIVEN TO EMERGING TRADE
UNION MOVEMENT, TO 5 BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS, AND TO ESTABLISH CENTER FOR
RESEARCH, CIVIC EDUCATION AND ELECTORAL ASSISTANCE. IN CHILE NED SUPPORTING
BROAD GROUP OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL FORCES. IN PARAGUAY ASSISTANCE TO
LABOR, BUSINESS, AND INTELLECTUAL ORGS, AND TO RADIO NANDUTI. IN GUYANA NED
SUPPORTING "STABROEK NEWS." NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL
REPORTS 87 10
CENTRAL AMERICA, 80-90 UNDER ELECTORAL FACADE CIVILIAN REGIMES IN
GUATEMALA AND EL SALVADOR ARE JUST PUBLIC RELATIONS GAME, AIMED AT
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY--ARMIES RULE THESE COUNTRIES. THE NATION 3/5/90
310
CENTRAL AMERICA, 84-90 CENTRAL AMERICAN POLITICAL ACADEMY, MAJOR GRANT
PROJECT OF NRI IS COMPOSED OF 4 REGIONAL THINK TANKS, EACH AFFILIATED WITH
A RIGHTWING POLITICAL PARTY FOR ASSOCIATES IN HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, AND
COSTA RICA, E.G., HONDURAN CENTER FOR ECONOMIC POLITICAL AND SOCIAL
STUDIES; IN GUATEMALA, THE POLITICAL ACADEMY FOR LIBERTY AND JUSTICE AND
THE CENTER FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES; AND, COSTA RICA'S APDLD. COHA AND
THE RESOURCE CENTER, (1990). NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY 48
CENTRAL AMERICA, 84 "THE GENERALS STILL RUN LATIN DEMOCRACIES." IN
HONDURAS, PANAMA, EL SALVADOR NOW JOINED BY GUATEMALA, THE MILITARY IS THE
SOURCE OF POWER. ELECTED CIVILIAN PRESIDENTS ARE MERELY THOSE WHO BARGAIN
TO SHARE SOME POWER. THE U.S. SEEMS TO DECLARE THE DEMOCRATIC PROCESS IN
PLACE ONCE AN ELECTION HELD. CONGRESS ACCEPTS THE ELECTIONS AS DEMOCRACY IN
DECIDING U.S. AID. WASHINGTON POST 11/10/85 D1,4
CENTRAL AMERICA, 87 NED/NRI TO FORM CENTRAL AMERICAN ACADEMY WITH
INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS, REGIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES TO SERVE AS
A CENTER FOR TEACHING RE DEMOCRACY. GRANTS TO BE GIVEN ASSOCIATION FOR THE
DEFENSE OF COSTA RICAN LIBERTY AND DEMOCRACY A POLITICAL INSTITUTE OF
MOVIMIENTO ACCION SOLIDARIA (MAS) IN GUATEMALA, AND AN INSTITUTE OF THE
NATIONAL PARTY IN HONDURAS. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL
REPORTS 87 66
GUATEMALA, 84-85 CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS POLITICOS (CEDEP) - CENTER FOR
POLITICAL STUDIES FUNDED BY NED - PUBLISHES QUARTERLY JOURNAL. NED GRANT BY
CARIBBEAN CENTRAL AMERICAN ACTION, A D.C.-BASED NON-PROFIT TO HELP OPS.
NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 84,85
GUATEMALA, 84-85 FTUI FUNDING ELECTION ACTIVITIES VIA CONFEDERATION DE
UNIDAD SINDICAL DE GUATEMALA. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL
REPORTS REPORTS 84,85
GUATEMALA, 85 NED SUPPORT FOR PROGRAMS BY CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS POLITICOS
(CEDEP) IN CONJUNCTION WITH NOVEMBER 85 ELECTIONS. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR
DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 1985 46
GUATEMALA, 86-87 USIP, MEMBER, ALLEN WEINSTEIN, HISTORY PROFESSOR AT
BOSTON U, WAS FIRST ACTING DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY.
UNDER AUSPICES OF HIS WASHINGTON-BASED CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY, WEINSTEIN
PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN U.S. ELECTORAL INTERVENTION STRATEGY. IN 86 WEINSTEN
LED A TEAM OF U.S. OBSERVERS TO PHILIPPINES TO PRESSURE MARCOS REGIME
REGARDING VOTE FRAUD AND PAVE WAY FOR TRANSITION TO CORY AQUINO'S RULE.
SUBSEQUENTLY, CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY WAS A TOP NED CONDUIT TO U.S. BACKED UNO
COALITION IN NICARAGUA. AT ABOUT THAT TIME, CENTER CONTRACTED WITH AID TO
TRAIN SELECTED GUATEMALAN POLITICAL LEADERS IN "DEMOCRATIC" PROCEDURES. Z
SUMMER 90 112
GUATEMALA, 90 GUATEMALA'S NOV ELECTION GAVE THE NEW YORK TIMES A PERFECT
OPPORTUNITY TO WHITEWASH U.S. POLICY. LIES OF OUR TIME 4/91 15-16
GUATEMALA, 58 CIA MISTRUSTED YDIGORAS AND SURREPTITIOUSLY PROVIDED CRUZ
SALAZAR $97,000 IN CAMPAIGN FUNDS. BUT YDIGORAS WON. SCHLESINGER, S., &
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 237
IN 89 THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (NED), A SMALL PRIVATE
FOUNDATION CHARTERED AND FUNDED BY CONGRESS TO "PROMOTE DEMOCRACY ABROAD."
NED DOLES OUT MONEY $15.8 MILLION IN 89 TO PRIVATE U.S.-BASED GROUPS. MOST
MONEY GOES TO INSTITUTES AFFILIATED WITH 4 ENTITIES: AFL-CIO, THE U.S.
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY, THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. ALL 4 RUN
THEIR OWN MINIATURE STATE DEPTS. THE NATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE USES
MONEY 1.7 MILLION TO HELP CONSERVATIVES IN LATIN AMERICA. A MAJOR PROJECT
OF THE INSTITUTE IS THE CENTRAL AMERICAN POLITICAL ACADEMY WHICH COMPRISES
4 THINK TANKS IN THE AREA. THE HONDURAN COMPONENT IS THE CENTER FOR
ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES. IN GUATEMALA IT IS THE POLITICAL
ACADEMY FOR LIBERTY AND JUSTICE (ACAP). ANOTHER IN GUATEMALA IS THE CENTER
FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES. IN COSTA RICA THE ASSOCIATION FOR DEFENSE OF
FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY. ALL 4 THINK TANKS AFFILIATED WITH THE INTERNATIONAL
DEMOCRAT UNION (IDU), A CONFEDERATION OF CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES
FROM 20 COUNTRIES, FIRST CONVENED IN LONDON IN 83 . THE NED ENGAGES OPENLY
IN THE TYPE OF WORK ONCE RESERVED FOR THE CIA-PROMOTING POLITICAL PARTIES,
FUNDING PROPAGANDA, INFLUENCING CAMPAIGNS, COURTING TRADE UNIONS, ETC. THE
NATION 12/18/89 744-746
IN 89 THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (NED), A SMALL PRIVATE
FUNDATION CHARTERED AND FUNDED BY CONGRESS TO "PROMOTE DEMOCRACY ABROAD."
NED DOLES OUT MONEY $15.8 MILLION IN 89 TO PRIVATE U.S.-BASED GROUPS. MOST
MONEY GOES TO INSTITUTES AFFILIATED WITH 4 ENTITIES: AFL-CIO, THE U.S.
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY, THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. ALL 4 RUN
THEIR OWN MINIATURE STATE DEPTS. THE NATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE USES
MONEY 1.7 MILLION TO HELP CONSERVATIVES IN LATIN AMERICA. A MAJOR PROJECT
OF THE INSTITUTE IS THE CENTRAL AMERICAN POLITICAL ACADEMY WHICH COMPRISES
4 THINK TANKS IN THE AREA. THE HONDURAN COMPONENT IS THE CENTER FOR
ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES. IN GUATEMALA IT IS THE POLITICAL
ACADEMY FOR LIBERTY AND JUSTICE (ACAP). ANOTHER IN GUATEMALA IS THE CENTER
FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES. IN COSTA RICA THE ASSOCIATION FOR DEFENSE OF
FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY. ALL 4 THINK TANKS AFFILIATED WITH THE INTERNATIONAL
DEMOCRAT UNION (IDU), A CONFEDERATION OF CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES
FROM 20 COUNTRIES, FIRST CONVENED IN LONDON IN 83 . THE NED ENGAGES OPENLY
IN THE TYPE OF WORK ONCE RESERVED FOR THE CIA-PROMOTING POLITICAL PARTIES,
FUNDING PROPAGANDA, INFLUENCING CAMPAIGNS, COURTING TRADE UNIONS, ETC. THE
NATION 12/18/89 744-746
IN CENTRAL AMERICA NRI FUNDED CIVIC EDUCATION AND VOTER MOBILIZATION
PROJECT IN GUATEMALA ($79,241). CIPE COMMITTED $45,000 TO SUPPORT
MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE, PAN AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION AUGMENTED BY
LATER ($56,000). NCRL STUDY, ASSIGNED DATE 12/86
LATIN AMERICA, 84 NRIIA IMPLEMENTING PROGRAMS FOR FISCAL YEAR 84:
DEMOCRAT UNION OF AMERICAS (DUA) - TO CREATE REGIONAL POLITICAL ORG FOR
POLITICAL PARTIES IN REGION; TO ASSIST CONSERVATIVE PARTY OF COLOMBIA AND
PARTY'S NUEVA COLOMBIA INSTITUTE AND CURRICULUM ON DEMOCRACY AT SIMON
BOLIVAR UNIVERSITY; HOLDING SEMINARS IN GRENADA; SUPPORTING PARTIES IN
BOLIVIA; IN GUATEMALA TO FUND NATIONAL OPINION POLL (ALSO IN 1985 REPORT P
8); FUNDING CONFERENCE ORGANIZED BY CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS;
HOSTING A CONFERENCE FOR SCHOLARS, POLITICAL ACTIVISTS, ETC.; PROMOTING
STUDY OF DEMOCRACY IN PORTUGAL, ETC. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY
ANNUAL REPORTS 1984 35-6
NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTE (NDI) HAD PROJECTS IN ARGENTINA, CHILE,
HAITI, NICARAGUA, PANAMA, AND PARAGUAY. NATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE (NRI)
HAD PROJECTS IN ARGENTINA, BOLIVIA, CHILE, COSTA RICA, DOMINICA, GUATEMALA,
MEXICO, AND NICARAGUA. STUDY BY WORTH COOLEY-PROST, "DEMOCRACY
INTERVENTION: A WHO'S WHO OF NGOS." 4/26/92 5-22
NED BASED ON 3 MODELS INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AID: CLANDESTINE SUPPORT FOR
POLITICAL PARTIES, LABOR UNIONS, ACADEMICS, AND OTHER PRIVATE ORGS.; OPS OF
AFL-CIO'S FOREIGN LABOR INSTITUTES; AND, INTERNATIONAL OPS OF WEST GERMAN
POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS. LATTER INCLUDE SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC FRIEDRICH EBERT
FOUNDATION AND RIGHTWING CHRISTIAN SOCIALIST UNION'S HANNS SEIDEL
FOUNDATION. THE KONRAD ADENAUER FOUNDATION KNOWN FOR MANIPULATING POLITICS
IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES IN 60-69 AND IN CHILE IN 60s AND GUATEMALA
AND EL SALVADOR IN 80-89 FROM 60S ONWARD IT A LAUNDRY FOR CIA FUNDS; E.G.
IN 84 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN EL SALVADOR IT A CONDUIT OF CIA MONEY IN
AMOUNT OF $350,000 FOR DUARTE. FORMER CIA PROPAGANDA EXPERT WALTER RAYMOND
JR. DETAILED TO NSC IN 82 BY DCI CASEY IMPORTANT IN EFFORT. COHA AND THE
RESOURCE CENTER, (1990). NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY 12
NICARAGUA, COSTA RICA, 82-90 CENTER FOR ELECTORAL ASSISTANCE AND
PROMOTION (CAPEL) LOCATED IN COSTA RICA DATES BACK TO 1982. IN 84 CAPEL
BECAME PART OF ANOTHER ORGANIZATION FORMED AT THE BEHEST OF U.S.
POLICYMAKERS, CENTRAL AMERICAN HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTE. BETWEEN 84-90 CAPEL
PROVIDED ASSISTANCE FOR ELECTIONS IN EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, HAITI,
NICARAGUA, AND ELSEWHERE IN REGION. ITS BOARD INCLUDED BRUCE MCCOLM OF
FREEDOM HOUSE; F. CLINTON WHITE FROM NRI, THE CFD AND THE INTERNATIONAL
FOUNDATIONS FOR ELECTORAL SYSTEMS; AND RICHARD SCAMMON (FREEDOM HOUSE,
IFES, AND CFD). DURING ELECTIONS IN HAITI THE AMBASSADOR STRESSED THAT
DIFFERENT NED GROUPS STAY BEHIND CAPEL COVER TO MINIMIZE THE APPEARANCE OF
U.S. INTERFERENCE IN VOTING. IN NICARAGUA SONIA PICADDO SUPPORTED UNO THRU
CAPEL. ROBINSON, W. (1992). A FAUSTIAN BARGAIN 99
PHILIPPINES, 86 USIP, MEMBER, ALLEN WEINSTEIN, HISTORY PROFESSOR AT
BOSTON U, WAS FIRST ACTING DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY.
UNDER AUSPICES OF HIS WASHINGTON-BASED CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY, WEINSTEIN
PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN U.S. ELECTORAL INTERVENTION STRATEGY. IN 86 WEINSTEN
LED A TEAM OF U.S. OBSERVERS TO PHILIPPINES TO PRESSURE MARCOS REGIME
REGARDING VOTE FRAUD AND PAVE WAY FOR TRANSITION TO CORY AQUINO'S RULE.
SUBSEQUENTLY, CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY WAS A TOP NED CONDUIT TO U.S. BACKED UNO
COALITION IN NICARAGUA. AT ABOUT THAT TIME, CENTER CONTRACTED WITH AID TO
TRAIN SELECTED GUATEMALAN POLITICAL LEADERS IN "DEMOCRATIC" PROCEDURES. Z
SUMMER 90 112
THE CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY (CFD) IS FUNDED BY NED. IN COSTA RICA IT HELD A
COLLOQUY ON "DEMOCRACY AND DEVELOPMENT IN CENTRAL AMERICA." PETER KELLY AND
ALLEN WEINSTEIN REPRESENTED CDF. IN 5/89, TEN PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES OR
THEIR REPS FROM COSTA RICA, HONDURAS, EL SALVADOR, AND GUATEMALA MET BEFORE
THE SAN JOSE COLLOQUY UNDER CENTER AUSPICES. GUATEMALA - CENTER MAINTAINS
AN OFFICE IN GUATEMALA IN CONJUNCTION WITH ITS $2 MILLION AID-FUNDED
PROJECT TO SUPPORT INSTITUTIONAL AND LOGISTICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL
CONGRESS OF GUATEMALA. PROJECT IS CO-CHAIRED BY ALLEN WEINSTEIN AND THE
PRESIDENT OF THE GUATEMALAN CONGRESS. CENTER'S GOAL IS TO TRAIN MEMBERS OF
GUATEMALAN CONGRESS ON DEMOCRATIC PROCEDURES THROUGH SEMINARS AND TRAINING
PROGRAMS. PROGRAM BRINGS PROCEDURAL, LEGISLATIVE, AND ACADEMIC "EXPERTS" TO
TRAIN MEMBERS OF GUATEMALAN CONGRESS, AND MEMBERS OF CONGRESS TRAVEL TO
OBSERVE FUNCTIONING OF OTHER WESTERN DEMOCRACIES. RESOURCE CENTER
GROUPWATCH PROJECT
FILES
INSLAW PRES BILL HAMILTON SAYS HE HAS INFO THAT PROMIS ILLEGALLY SOLD TO
SOUTH KOREA, LIBYA, JORDAN, GREAT BRITAIN (ENGLAND), GERMANY, FRANCE,
AUSTRALIA, THAILAND, JAPAN, CHILE, GUATEMALA, BRAZIL, AND CANADA. IN THESE
TIMES 6/11/91 11-13
FLAP
CUBA, 60-61 INFLUENCE OF CIA'S SUCCESS IN OVERTHROWING GVT OF GUATEMALA
IN 54 CIA DISREGARDED VAST DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CUBA AND GUATEMALA AND SET
STAGE FOR DISASTER. ESCAMBRAY GUERRILLAS, FOR A WHILE WERE FOCUS OF
ANTI-CASTRO RESISTANCE. THEY ALTERNATIVELY MENTIONED AS A HOPE FOR INVASION
SUCCESS, OR AS A FAILURE AT CHALLENGING CASTRO'S REGIME. MONTHS BEFORE
LANDING CIA HAD DECIDED GUERRILLAS WERE POLITICALLY UNRELIABLE AND REFUSED
TO AID THEM. ATTACKED BY SUPERIOR FORCES AT TIME OF INVASION THEY HAD
PRACTICALLY CEASED TO EXIST. BOARD OF INQUIRY ON THE BAY OF PIGS. (1981).
OPERATION ZAPATA XI
CUBA, GUATEMALA, 60 GUATEMALAN NEWSPAPER LA HORA ISSUED A REPORT ON 30
OCT 60 DESCRIBING TRAX TRAINING CAMP IN GUATEMALA AS A BASE FOR CUBAN
EXILES TO OVERTHROW FIDEL CASTRO. HAYNES, J. (1964). THE BAY OF PIGS: THE
LEADER'S STORY OF BRIGADE 2506 49
GUATEMALA, 51 CIA TECHNICAL INSTALLATION IN THE HQS OF THE GUATEMALAN
COMMUNIST PARTY WAS TRACED BACK TO THE CIA STATION. HUNT, H.J. (1974).
UNDERCOVER 83
FOUNDATION
GUATEMALA, 54 TO COVER OVERTURN OP CIA SET UP A MEDICAL INSTITUTE AS A
CHARITABLE FOUNDATION. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT
115
IN 89 THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (NED), A SMALL PRIVATE
FOUNDATION CHARTERED AND FUNDED BY CONGRESS TO "PROMOTE DEMOCRACY ABROAD."
NED DOLES OUT MONEY $15.8 MILLION IN 89 TO PRIVATE U.S.-BASED GROUPS. MOST
MONEY GOES TO INSTITUTES AFFILIATED WITH 4 ENTITIES: AFL-CIO, THE U.S.
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY, THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. ALL 4 RUN
THEIR OWN MINIATURE STATE DEPTS. THE NATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE USES
MONEY 1.7 MILLION TO HELP CONSERVATIVES IN LATIN AMERICA. A MAJOR PROJECT
OF THE INSTITUTE IS THE CENTRAL AMERICAN POLITICAL ACADEMY WHICH COMPRISES
4 THINK TANKS IN THE AREA. THE HONDURAN COMPONENT IS THE CENTER FOR
ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES. IN GUATEMALA IT IS THE POLITICAL
ACADEMY FOR LIBERTY AND JUSTICE (ACAP). ANOTHER IN GUATEMALA IS THE CENTER
FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES. IN COSTA RICA THE ASSOCIATION FOR DEFENSE OF
FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY. ALL 4 THINK TANKS AFFILIATED WITH THE INTERNATIONAL
DEMOCRAT UNION (IDU), A CONFEDERATION OF CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES
FROM 20 COUNTRIES, FIRST CONVENED IN LONDON IN 83 . THE NED ENGAGES OPENLY
IN THE TYPE OF WORK ONCE RESERVED FOR THE CIA-PROMOTING POLITICAL PARTIES,
FUNDING PROPAGANDA, INFLUENCING CAMPAIGNS, COURTING TRADE UNIONS, ETC. THE
NATION 12/18/89 744-746
FRONT ORG
ARGENTINA, 92 ARTICLE, "WOMEN AND CIVIC LIFE IN ARGENTINA," BY MARIA ROSA
S. DE MARTINI, PRESIDENT OF CONCIENCIA & SOFIA L. DE PINEDO. ARTICLE
DISCUSSES CONCIENCIA, A NONPARTISAN ARGENTINE WOMEN'S ORG WHOSE ACTIVITIES
DESCRIBED IN ARTICLE. CONCIENCIA FOUNDED IN 82 FOCUSES ON ESTABLISHING
DEMOCRACY - DESCRIBES PROJECTS. LINKED PAN-AMERICAN CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS ARE
ADOMUVI (D.R.), ANCIFEM (MEXICO), CEDEP (GUATEMALA), CIM (HONDURAS),
CONCIENCIA (PERU, BRAZIL, ECUADOR, COLUMBIA, ECUADOR, CONCIENCIA-CUBANA
(BASED IN MIAMI), PIMUDE (EL SALVADOR), PARTICIPA (CHILE), MUJERES POR LA
DEMOCRACIA (PARAGUAY), INSTITUTO DE ESTUDIOS SOCIALES Y ECONOMICOS (CALI,
COLUMBIA) AND ENCUENTRO (URUGUAY). JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY (NATIONAL ENDOWMENT
FOR DEMOCRACY) 7/92 138-146
FROM 86-91 MUCH OF AMERICARES AID GOES TO CENTRAL AMERICA AND USSR BLOC
COUNTRIES SUCH AS AFGHANISTAN, ETHIOPIA, ARMENIA AND POLAND. AID GIVEN TO
NICARAGUA AFTER CHAMORRO WON THE 90 ELECTION. KNIGHTS OF MALTA
DISTRIBUTED AID. KNIGHTS, AMERICARES PARTNER IN MOST OF WORLD. KNIGHTS
POWERFUL VATICAN ORDER WITH EXTENSIVE AND CLOSE TIES TO INTEL ORGS IN WEST
EUROPE AND U.S. IN 84 AMERICARES EVACUATED MUJAHEDDEN TO WALTER REED
HOSPITAL IN D.C. PROVIDES MEDICAL SUPPLIES TO 57 CLINICS IN AFGHANISTAN. IN
CENTRAL AMERICA KNIGHTS OF MALTA DISTRIBUTE MUCH OF AMERICARES AID. ROBERTO
ALEJOS ARZU, A WEALTHY GUATEMALAN WORKS WITH AMERICARES. AMERICARES AID
DISTRIBUTED ALSO BY AIR COMMANDOS OF HARRY ADERHOLT. ALEJOS' PLANTATION
SERVED AS CIA TRG BASE FOR BAY OF PIGS INVASION. SANDINISTAS ACCUSE
AMERICARES OF BEING A CIA FRONT. VILLAGE VOICE 1/8/91 22-31
GUATEMALA, 53-54 IN OP PBSUCCESS CIA CREATED DUMMY ARMS COMPANY,
INTERNATIONAL ARMAMENT CORPORATION (INTERARMCO) TO SERVE AS CONDUIT FOR
ARMS TO NICARAGUA AND HONDURAS. CIA USED VARIETY DUMMY ORGANIZATIONS TO
SEND PLANES TO REBELS. NATIONAL GUARD UNITS IN SOUTHERN U.S. LOANED PLANES
TO CIA, WHICH RENTED THEM TO NICARAGUA FOR ONE DOLLAR EACH. AIR FORCE OF A
DOZEN PLANES. TREVERTON, G. (1987). COVERT ACTION 63
GUATEMALA, 85-86 AIR COMMANDO ASSOCIATION (ACA). THE PRESIDENT OF
GUATEMALA, IN 85 INVITED ACA TO ESTABLISH A MEDICAL RELIEF PROGRAM IN IXIL
TRIANGLE IN WAR-TORN GUATEMALAN HIGHLANDS. ACA'S MAIN ACTIVITIES TOOK PLACE
AT NEBAJ WHERE, IN COOPERATION WITH ARMY OF GUATEMALA, ACA ESTABLISHED A
CLINIC. NEBAJ IS AN ENCLOSED CAMP THAT WAS PART OF THE GVT'S PROGRAM TO
RELOCATE INDIANS DISPLACED BY ARMY'S CI CAMPAIGNS. ACA AND THE NATIONAL
DEFENSE COUNCIL DELIVERED MEDICAL SUPPLIES FOR GUATEMALA'S CONTROVERSIAL
RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM. IN 87, ACA CHANGED ITS NAME FOR ITS GUATEMALAN OPS TO
THRESHOLD FOUNDATION. US AID HAS SUPPLIED ACA WITH FREE TRANSPORTATION FROM
MICHIGAN TO MIAMI FOR WMR GOODS. "OPERATION BLESSING" OF EVANGELICAL
CHRISTIAN BROADCASTING NETWORK ALSO PROVIDED MEDICINAL SUPPLIES. RESOURCE
CENTER GROUPWATCH PROJECT
GUATEMALA, 87-88 NED/ROOSEVELT CENTER FOR AMERICAN POLICY STUDIES FUNDING
ASOCIACION DE INVESTIGACION Y ESTUDIOS SOCIALES (ASIES) TO HOLD SEMINAR RE
DEMOCRACY. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 87 55,88 39
GUATEMALA, 88 NED/DELPHI INTERNATIONAL FUNDING CENTER FOR POLITICAL
STUDIES (CEDEP) PLANS FOR WOMEN'S CONFERENCE. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR
DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 88 39
GUATEMALA, 89 NED/NRIIA, FOR CENTER FOR ECONOMIC STUDIES (CEES). CEES
PROMOTES FREE MARKET ECONOMICS AND DEMOCRATIC VALUES WITHIN BUSINESS,
EDUCATIONAL AND POLITICAL CIRCLES. $36,000. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR
DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 89 33
LATIN AMERICA, 85 NED/CIPE SUPPORT FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF
EMPLOYERS (IOE), GENEVA SWITZERLAND FOR WORK IN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC;
INSTITUTO LIBERTAD Y DEMOCRACIA (ILD) LIMA, PERU; PAN AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT
FOUNDATION (PADF) A FOLLOW-ON TO 84 PROGRAM ON NICARAGUA; CAMARA DE LA
LIBRE EMPRESA, GUATEMALA; RESPUESTA FOUNDATION FOR DEFENCE OF LIBERTY,
BOGOTA, COLOMBIA; ASOCIACIAON CRISTIANA DE DIREGENTES DE EMPRESSA, (ACDE),
URUGUAY; CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS SOBRE LA LABERTAD, ARGENTIA; FUNDACION DEL
TUCUMAN, ARGENTINA; INSTITUDIO COLOMBIANO DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES DE
INCOLDA, COLUMBIA; INSTITUTO DE ESTUDIOS CONTEMPORANEOS (IDEC), ARGENTIA;
ACCION INTERNATIONAL IN WASH, D.C. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL
REPORTS 1985 40-1
LATIN AMERICA, 85 NED/FTUI SUPPORTED "LABOR RIGHTS WATCH" PROGRAM. AT
CENTER IS "INTER-AMERICAN COMMITTEE ON HUMAN AND TRADE RIGHTS." ESTABLISHED
IN 85, COMMITTEE INVESTIGATES VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS THROUGHOUT
HEMISPHERE. EFFORTS HAVE FOCUSED ON CHILE, GUATEMALA, HAITI, NICARAGUA,
PARAGUAY AND SURINAME. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS
1985 29
NICARAGUA, AIR COMMANDERS ASSOCIATION LED BY HEINIE ADERHOLT, DISTRIBUTED
AID TO MISKITO INDIANS AND CONTRA FAMILIES IN HONDURAS AND WORKED WITH
GUATEMALA ARMY "CIVIC ACTION" PROGRAM. SKLAR, H. (1988). WASHINGTON'S WAR
ON NICARAGUA 237
WORLD MEDICAL RELIEF (WMR) - INFO AS OF 9/90. WMR DONATES EQUIPMENT AND
MEDICINES TO HOSPITALS, CLINICS AND DISPENSARIES. WMR SUPPLIES OFTEN HAVE
BEEN SHIPPED BY INTERNATIONAL AID, AIR COMMANDO ASSOCIATION, OR U.S.
MILITARY TRANSPORT. WMR FOUNDERS ARE FUNDAMENTALIST CHRISTIANS AND IT IS
AVOWEDLY ANTICOMMUNIST. A GOOD PORTION OF ITS EFFORTS HAVE BEEN DIRECTED TO
GROUPS WORKING TO OVERTHROW COMMUNIST REGIMES OR DEFEAT COMMUNIST-LED
INSURGENCIES IN AREAS WHERE U.S. HAS BEEN OR IS FIGHTING BATTLES AGAINST
PERCEIVED COMMUNIST AGGRESSORS. WMR HAS DEVELOPED A "COZY RELATIONSHIP"
WITH U.S. MILITARY INTERESTS. IT PLAYED A SUPPORTING ROLE IN CIA'S SECRET
WAR IN LAOS IN 60s-70s BY SUPPLYING MILLIONS OF DOLLARS OF ASSISTANCE TO
HMONG TRIBESMEN THAT MADE UP MAJORITY OF THE 30,000 LAOTIAN IRREGULARS
ORGANIZED BY CIA TO FIGHT THE PATHET LAO AND THE NORTH VIETNAMESE. WMR HAS
ALSO BEEN CONNECTED TO MILITARY GROUPS SUPPORTING THE REPRESSIVE
GOVERNMENTS OF EL SALVADOR AND GUATEMALA. RESOURCE CENTER GROUPWATCH
PROJECT
WORLD MEDICAL RELIEF (WMR). SINCE 84 CENTRAL AMERICA, POLAND AND
AFGHANISTAN - HAVE BEEN MAJOR RECIPIENTS OF SUPPLIES FROM WMR. IN 1/84 THE
AIR COMMANDO ASSOCIATION (ACA) RECEIVED MEDICAL SUPPLIES FROM WMR FOR
DISTRIBUTION TO MILITARY IN EL SALVADOR. SOME OF THE SUPPLIES WERE
DISTRIBUTED BY A SOLDIER OF FORTUNE AFFILIATE, REFUGEE RELIEF
INTERNATIONAL. GUATEMALA: IN 84, ADERHOLT OF ACA WAS CONTACTED BY CHRISTIAN
BROADCASTING NETWORK'S OP BLESSING TO SET UP HEALTH CLINICS IN
GOVERNMENT-CONTROLLED MODEL VILLAGES IN HIGHLANDS WHICH "ARE REALLY
VARIATIONS OF CONCENTRATION CAMPS." CLINICS ARE SUPPLIED BY WMR. CIVILIAN
MILITARY ASSISTANCE, A PARAMILITARY GROUP RUN BY TOM POSEY, DISTRIBUTED WMR
MEDICAL SUPPLIES. THE NATIONAL DEFENSE COUNCIL IS A LOBBYING AND
PARAMILITARY SUPPLY ORGANIZATION STARTED BY ANDY MESSING. THE GROUP HAS
DELIVERED SOME $22 MILLION WORTH OF MEDICINES, MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, FOOD AND
CLOTHING IN GUATEMALA, EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, AND COSTA RICA. MEDICINES AND
MEDICAL SUPPLIES COME MAINLY FROM WMR. IN LATE 80s WMR SEVERED ITS
RELATIONSHIP WITH NATIONAL DEFENSE COUNCIL FOUNDATION, ACA AND ITS
NONPROFIT ARM, THRESHOLD FOUNDATION. RESOURCE CENTER GROUPWATCH PROJECT
FUNDING
FROM 53-77 THERE A LINK BETWEEN CIA AND THE INVESTMENT BANKING FIRM OF
SCHRODERS, LTD, AN INVESTMENT BANK THAT HANDLED CIA FUNDS FOR COVERT OPS.
BANK'S INTERESTS OVERLAPPED WITH THOSE OF MANY-CIA INITIATED ACTIONS
INCLUDING THE COUP IN IRAN IN 53 THE 54 COUP IN GUATEMALA, AND THE BAY
OF PIGS INVASION. NEW TIMES 11/27/78 P24-5
LATIN AMERICA, 58-65 CIA GAVE COSTA RICA'S FIGUERES MONEY TO PUBLISH
JOURNAL "COMBATE," AND TO SPONSOR INSTITUTE OF POLITICAL EDUCATION IN C.R.
IN 11/59. INSTITUTE A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR POLITICAL PARTIES OF DEMOCRATIC
LEFT FROM C.R., CUBA (EXILE), DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (EXILE), GUATEMALA,
HONDURAS, NICARAGUA (EXILE), PANAMA, PERU AND VENEZUELA. CIA FUNDED THRU
SHELL FOUNDATION KAPLAN FUND NEXT TO INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL LABOR
RESEARCH (IILR) IN NEW YORK. SOCIALIST LEADER NORMAN THOMAS HEADED IILR WHO
CLAIMED HE IGNORANT OF CIA ROLE. FIGUERES CREATED INTER-AMERICAN SOCIAL
DEMOCRAT MOVEMENT (INADESMO) A FRONT TO DISPERSE FUNDS DIRECTLY. AMERINGER,
C.D. (1990). U.S. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE 256-7
NED BASED ON 3 MODELS INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AID: CLANDESTINE SUPPORT FOR
POLITICAL PARTIES, LABOR UNIONS, ACADEMICS, AND OTHER PRIVATE ORGS.; OPS OF
AFL-CIO'S FOREIGN LABOR INSTITUTES; AND, INTERNATIONAL OPS OF WEST GERMAN
POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS. LATTER INCLUDE SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC FRIEDRICH EBERT
FOUNDATION AND RIGHTWING CHRISTIAN SOCIALIST UNION'S HANNS SEIDEL
FOUNDATION. THE KONRAD ADENAUER FOUNDATION KNOWN FOR MANIPULATING POLITICS
IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES IN 60-69 AND IN CHILE IN 60s AND GUATEMALA
AND EL SALVADOR IN 80-89 FROM 60S ONWARD IT A LAUNDRY FOR CIA FUNDS; E.G.
IN 84 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN EL SALVADOR IT A CONDUIT OF CIA MONEY IN
AMOUNT OF $350,000 FOR DUARTE. COHA AND THE RESOURCE CENTER, (1990).
NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY 12
GUATEMALA
GUATAMALA, FORMER CUBAN MAFIA ASSOC, JOHN MARTINO, WITH LINKS TO KENNEDY
ASSASSINATION WENT 70 TO GUATEMALA FOR CIA. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., &
HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 66, 252
GUATEMALA, 54 GOOD CAPSULE ACCT OF CIA OVERTHROW ARBENZ. CORSON, W.R.
(1977). ARMIES OF IGNORANCE 354-358
GUATEMALA, 89 "U.S. RAISES ITS PROFILE IN GUATEMALA - AFTER A DECADE OF
ARMS-LENGTH RELATIONS, MILITARY TIES GROWING." WASHINGTON POST 8/18/89
A25,26
GUATEMALA, 90 ORGANIZING IN GUATEMALA, ARTICLE BY ELEANOR MACGREGOR. Z
SUMMER 90 129-134
GUATAMALA, IN 60 IN AIRBORNE LANDING WITH B-26 BOMBERS MANNED BY
ANTI-CASTRO REFUGEES IN GUATEMALA, ANTI-CASTRO CUBAN SOLDIERS FROM TRAX
BASE AND EXPERIENCED U.S. AIR FORCE PILOTS, CIA PUT DOWN A REVOLT AGAINST
YDIGORAS. HIGGINS, T. (1987). THE PERFECT FAILURE 66
GUATAMALA, USIA, 54 PROPAGANDISTS WROTE MORE THAN 200 ARTICLES ABOUT
GUATEMALA BASED ON INFO FROM CIA SOURCES AND DISTRIBUTED THEM FOR ANONYMOUS
PLACEMENT IN SCORES OF LATIN NEWSPAPERS. USIA SHIPPED MORE THAN 100,000
COPIES PAMPHLET CALLED "CHRONOLOGY OF COMMUNISM IN GUATEMALA" 27,000 COPIES
OF ANTI-COMMUNISM CARTOONS AND POSTERS WERE DISTRIBUTED. USIA PRODUCED 3
MOVIES ON GUATEMALA. VARIOUS OTHER PRESS OPS DESCRIBED. SCHLESINGER, S., &
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 167
HISTORY
DAMNED IF YOU COUP...SOME LESSONS FROM THE HISTORY OF COVERT ACTIONS-- IRAN
53 GUATEMALA 54 CUBA 61 VIETNAM 63 CHILE 73 GRENADA 83 THE
PHILIPPINES 82 NEWSWEEK 10/16/89 34
GUATEMALA, 54 ARTICLE BY FREDERICK W. MARKS, III. CIA AND CASTILLO ARMAS
IN GUATEMALA, 1954: NEW CLUES TO AN OLD PUZZLE. DIPLOMATIC HISTORY* WINTER
90 67 20 PAGES
GUATEMALA, 54 CLUES DIDN'T CHECK OUT: COMMENTARY ON "THE CIA AND cASTILLO
ARMAS." DIPLOMATIC HISTORY WINTER 90 87 9 PAGES
GUATEMALA, 91 SEE 3/91 ISSUE INFORMATION BULLETIN BY GUATEMALA HUMAN
RIGHTS COMMISSION/USA RE GUATEMALA'S NEW CIVILIAN PRESIDENT. 10 PAGES
HONDURAS
HONDURAS, ARGENTINA PROVIDING ADVISORS 81 TO CONTRAS, CENTRAL AMERICA
DEATH SQUADS TO TEACH COUNTERINSURGENCY OPS. TAUGHT; KIDNAP SUSPECT,
QUESTION UNDER TORTURE, KILL THEM, KIDNAP ANOTHER REPEAT PROCESS. CALLED
"CLEANING OP". RIGHTIST FROM EL SALVADOR SAID ARGENTINES WERE GREAT HELP TO
[GUATEMALA] DEATH SQUADS, BEFORE THEY USED TO KILL RIGHT AWAY. ARGENTINES
TAUGHT THEM TO WAIT UNTIL AFTER INTERROGATION. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., &
HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 130
INTEL F
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA EXAGGERATED ITS INTEL CAPABILITIES IN OPERATION
SUCCESS. IT FALSELY CLAIMED HAVING INFILTRATED ARBENZ'S STAFF WITH A
DOCUMENTED EUROPEAN BUSINESS MAN WHO ACHIEVED THE DEFECTION OF A SENIOR
OFFICER. DEFECTOR SUPPOSEDLY PROVIDED UP TO THE MINUTE REPORTS ON ARBENZ'S
INTENTIONS AND DISPOSITION OF TROOPS. IN REALITY, CIA WAS POORLY INFORMED
THROUGHOUT MUCH OF THE OPERATION. ON 24 JUN 54, ONE DAY PRIOR TO ARMY'S
DEFECTION, CIA WAS PESSIMISTIC ABOUT CHANCES FOR SUCCESS. CIA AGENTS HAD NO
EXPERIENCE IN CENTRAL AMERICA AND COULD NOT EFFECTIVELY INFILTRATE ARMY. NO
CONTINGENCY PLANS EXISTED IF ATTEMPTED COUP SHOULD HAVE FAILED. GLIEJESES,
P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 335-337, 373-375
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA INSPECTOR GENERAL LYMAN KIRKPATRICK WAS EXCLUDED FROM
OP SUCCESS. HE ALONG WITH RICHARD BISSELL, NOTED THAT NO POST-OP
EXAMINATION WAS EVER MADE TO DETERMINE CAUSES OF OPERATION'S APPARENT
SUCCESS. OP SUCCESS OVERINFLATED CIA CONFIDENCE, ULTIMATELY LEADING TO BAY
OF PIGS DEBACLE. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 372-373
INTEL OP
GUATEMALA, MEXICO, 52 H. HUNT TRIED OBTAIN INTEL ON THE INTERNAL
SITUATION IN GUATEMALA BY USING MEXICAN BORDER CROSSERS, MOST OF WHOM WERE
STUDENTS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER 84
INTEL S
CENTRAL AMERICA, 78-82 CIA INTEL GOOD RE 78 DOWNFALL OF SOMOZA;
INSIGHTFUL DESCRIPTIONS OF GUATEMALA'S INCREASINGLY POLARIZED SOCIETY;
DETAILED REPORTING ON ATTITUDES, STRUCTURE, CAPABILITIES AND NEEDS OF
VARIOUS MILITARY SERVICES IN C.A.; VALUABLE BACKGROUND PAPERS ON C.A.
LEADERS; CAREFUL ANALYSES OF EFFECTS ON ECONOMIES OF THE REGION OF
WORLDWIDE ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND OF DISRUPTION CAUSED BY TERRORISM AND
GUERRILLA WAR. HOUSE INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE 9/22/82 P3,4
INTEL-POLICY
CENTRAL AMERICA, 78-79 WHEN SOMOZA ABOUT TO FALL THE CIA AND PENTAGON
URGED A POLICY BASED ON PREMISE THAT THE INSURRECTION WAS A SOVIET-CUBAN
PLOY. ON 2 MAY 79 THE CIA PREPARED AN INTERNAL REPORT ON "CUBAN SUPPORT FOR
CENTRAL AMERICAN GUERRILLA GROUPS," AND LEAKED IT TO THE PRESS. ON 8/2/79
THE PENTAGON AND CIA ARGUED FOR STEPS AGAINST NICARAGUA AND PROTECTIVE AID
FOR GUATEMALA AND SALVADOR. IN CONGRESS, REP MURPHY MOUNTED A CAMPAIGN
AGAINST CARTER'S NICARAGUAN AID PACKAGE FUELED BY A STEADY STREAM OF LEAKS
FROM INTEL AGENCIES. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 6/84 22-3
CENTRAL AMERICA, 79 AT A WHITE HOUSE MEETING 8/2/79, PENTAGON AND CIA
REPS WON APPROVAL FOR RESUMING MILITARY AID TO EL SALVADOR AND GUATEMALA.
OVER NEXT 3 MONTHS A SERIES OF CIA PRESS LEAKS CONTRADICTED CARTER AND
STATE DEPT CLAIMS THAT CUBAN INVOLVEMENT IN THE SANDINISTA TRIUMPH HAD BEEN
MINIMAL. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 6/84 P21
GUATEMALA, 5/19/ 53 NATIONAL INTEL ESTIMATE SAID SITUATION GUATEMALA
ADVERSE U.S. INTERESTS AND THAT COMMUNIST INFLUENCE LIKELY GROW UNDER
ARBENZ. DISCUSSED CONFISCATION UNITED FRUIT LAND AND SAID MILITARY ONLY
ORGANIZED ELEMENT. HIGGINS, T. (1987). THE PERFECT FAILURE 19
GUATEMALA, 54 HORROR STORIES REACHED WASHINGTON VIA HOWARD HUNT'S
ATROCITY STORIES - A DELEGATION OF ANTI-COMMUNIST STUDENTS HAD THEIR
TESTICLES WIRED-UP AND POWER-HOSED THEIR MOUTHS AND RECTUMS. THESE HELPFUL
IN OVERCOMING QUALMS AROUND AGENCY. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 339-348
GUATEMALA, CIRCA 53-54 CIA REPORTED ARBENZ REGIME ARMING ITS SUPPORTERS
IN LABOR UNIONS AGAINST CONSERVATIVE ARMY AND POSSIBLE INVASION FROM EL
SALVADOR. HIGGINS, T. (1987). THE PERFECT FAILURE 17
LABOR
CENTRAL AMERICA, 85 "TRIP REPORT BY WESTERN STATES AFL-CIO DELEGATION TO
CENTRAL AMERICA." TRIP SPONSORED BY AFL-CIO AND COORDINATED BY AIFLD.
VISITED NICARAGUA, EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, COSTA RICA, AND GUATEMALA. REPORT
6/85
GUATEMALA 54 AFL JOINS UNITED FRUIT IN SUPPORT RIGHT WING COUP. LABOR
ORGANIZING, ENCOURAGED UNDER CIVILIAN GVT, OUTLAWED UNDER SUBSEQUENT
MILITARY RULE. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA
19
GUATEMALA, 47-74 LABOR OPS FROM 1947-74. COUNTERSPY WINTER 75 44-45
GUATEMALA, 89-91 NED/FTUI, TO EXTEND ASSISTANCE TO POLITICAL EDUCATION
COMMITTEE OF GUATEMALAN CONFEDERATION OF LABOR UNITY (CUSG). 1989 $32,000,
1990 $40,000, 1991 $60,000. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL
REPORTS 89 33, 90 41, 91 60
GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, PANAMA, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, 89 NED/FTUI, FOR
ASSISTANCE TO NONPARTISAN COMMITTEES ON POLITICAL EDUCATION IN DEMOCRATIC
LABOR FEDERATIONS. $35,000. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL
REPORTS 89 40
HAITI, 84-90 WORKERS FEDERATION OF TRADE UNIONS (FOS) ESTABLISHED WITH
AIFLD SUPPORT IN 84. FREE TRADE UNION INSTITUTE FOUNDED AS EUROPEAN BRANCH
OF AFL-CIO'S DEPT OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS IN 78. AFTER 83, FTUI BECAME
NED'S CORE GRANTEE FOR LABOR PROJECTS. FTUI DISPENSED SOME $35 MILLION
BETWEEN 84-88. IHRED'S PRESIDENT IS LEOPOLD BERLANGER. FTUI HAD PROJECTS IN
BRAZIL, CHILE, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, GUATEMALA, HAITI, HONDURAS, NICARAGUA,
PARAGUAY, AND PERU. STUDY BY WORTH COOLEY-PROST, "DEMOCRACY INTERVENTION: A
WHO'S WHO OF NGOS." 4/26/92 5-22
LATIN AMERICA, 90 AIFLD'S HUMAN AND TRADE UNION RIGHTS PROJECT RESULTED
IN REFORM IN GUATEMALA, PANAMA, EL SALVADOR, COSTA RICA, PARAGUAY AND
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 9/93
24
GUATAMALA, DECEPTION, CIRCA 50 USIA IN GUATEMALA ESTABLISHES ANTI-ARBENZ
NEWS SERVICE WHICH DISTRIBUTED BLACK PROPAGANDA LABELLING GVT OFFICIALS AND
LABOR LEADERS COMMUNISTS. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL
AMERICA 20
FROM 49-88 ARCHITECTS OF LABOR'S FOREIGN POLICY CREATED AN INTERNATIONAL
AFFAIRS OP WHICH COOPERATED CLOSELY WITH THE CIA TO BREAK LEFT-LED STRIKES
IN FRANCE IN 49 AND OVERTHROW LEFTIST GVTS IN GUATEMALA IN 54. THE
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DEPT THEY CREATED IN THE AFL-CIO EXPECTS TO SPEND $33
MILLION ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS ($29 MILLION OF IT FROM THE U.S. GVT)--THREE
TIMES WHAT THE AFL-CIO SPENDS ON ORGANIZING AND 10 TIMES ITS BUDGET FOR
CIVIL RIGHTS. FOR A DETAILED ACCOUNT Z MAG 11/88 P98-104
GUATEMALA, 47-54 UNTIL 54 LITTLE UNION ACTIVITY IN COUNTRY AND FEW CIA
LABOR OPS. 54 ARBENZ GVT CHALLENGES UNITED FRUIT. LABOR ARDENT SUPPORT
ARBENZ. CIA TRIES MANIPULATE LABOR AWAY FROM ARBENZ. EFFORT FAILS AND CIA
ENGINEERS OVERTHROW, AFTER WHICH ONLY UNITED FRUIT COMPANY UNION AND SAMF
ALLOWED EXIST. ORIT AND AFL SUPPORT COUP. COUNTERSPY WINTER 75 44
GUATEMALA, 53 ORIT/AFL TRY ESTABLISH PRO-U.S. BASE BY FUNDING NATIONAL
UNION OF FREE WORKERS OF GUATEMALA. WISE TO PLOT, ARBENZ DEPORTS ITS
LEADERS. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA 20
GUATEMALA, 54-76 EFFECT OF CIA COUP ORGANIZED LABOR ALL BUT WIPED OUT.
UNION MEMBERSHIP DROPPED 100,000 TO 27,000 IMMEDIATELY AND CONTINUED
DECLINE THEREAFTER, IN PART DUE TO DEATH SQUAD ACTIVITY. BARRY, T., &
PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA 21
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER COUP CIA PUSHED ARMAS TO WRITE LAWS THAT ESTABLISHED
DEATH PENALTY FOR A CRIMES THAT INCLUDED MANY LABOR UNION ACTIVITIES.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 221
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA GOAL IN OVERTHROWING ARBENZ GVT WAS IN PART TO DESTROY
RAILROAD WORKERS UNION. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT
121
GUATEMALA, 54 SERAFINO ROMUALDI SENT BY AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
JUST AFTER COUP TO REORGANIZE GUATEMALA'S LABOR UNIONS. SCHLESINGER, S., &
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 89
GUATEMALA, 55-63 CIA OPS DIRECTED PRIMARILY AGAINST COMM UNION FASQUA
AND CATHOLIC UNION FECETRAG. COUNTERSPY WINTER 75 45
GUATEMALA, 64-66 CIA EMPHASIS ON AIFLD AND ITS WORK. ATTEMPT AT UNIFYING
LABOR FEDERATIONS FIRST IN CONSIQUA AND THEN IN CONTRAGUA. KEY GOAL
PREVENTION COMMUNIST AND CATHOLIC INFILTRATION. COUNTERSPY WINTER 75 45
GUATEMALA, 67-74 CIA ASSETS IN CTF AND FTG. ALSO, AIFLD CONTINUES HOLD
ON LABOR BY TRAINING NEARLY 6000 STUDENTS. CATHOLICS KEY GROUP IN LABOR
OPPOSING MILITARY GVT. COUNTERSPY WINTER 75 45
GUATEMALA, CIRCA 77-79 RESURGENCE IN UNION ACTIVITY, BUT AIFLD LARGELY
INACTIVE. 80 TREMENDOUS CRACKDOWN ON UNIONS INCLUDING GVT
MURDERS/KIDNAPINGS LABOR LEADERS. AFTER 82 RISE RIOS MONTT, AIFLD
INCREASES ACTIVITY, ESTABLISHING NATIONAL CAMPESIONO CO-ORDINATING
COMMITTEE. NEW CONSERVATIVE UNIONS, REPLACING SMASHED PROGRESSIVE ONES,
USED TO DECLARE DEMOCRATIZATION OF GUATEMALA AND INSPIRE VARIOUS FORMS OF
AID. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL AMERICA 21-2
GUATEMALA, SINCE 54 COUP "AIFLD HAS BEEN MORE CONCERNED ABOUT CONTAINING
LEFTIST ORGANIZING THAN ABOUT SPEAKING OUT AGAINST HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
OR IN FAVOR OF LABOR UNION RIGHTS." AS RESULT AIFLD HAS FAILED TO GAIN
ALLEGIANCE OF WORKFORCE. BARRY, T., & PREUSCH, D. (1986). AIFLD IN CENTRAL
AMERICA 19
GUATEMALA, 54 AFL UNDER CIA-INVOLVED NATIONAL UNION OF FREE WORKERS OF
GUATEMALA (UNTL). SERAFINO ROMUALDI, A CIA AGENT WHO ALSO WORKED FOR NELSON
ROCKEFELLER PLACED UNTL LEADERS UNDER CIA'S ARMY OF ARMAS. AFL MAGAZINE
"THE AMERICAN FEDERATIONIST" PUBLISHED ANTI-ARBENZ ARTICLES. COUNTERSPY
4/81 12
GUATEMALA, 82-86 SEE ARTICLE "WHICH SIDE ARE THEY ON? THE AFL-CIO TAMES
GUATEMALA'S UNIONS." COVERS AIFLD RECEIVING MONEY FROM AID FOR AN AVERAGE
OF $267,000 PER YEAR. THE WORK IS TO CO-OPT THE LABOR AND PEASANT
MOVEMENTS. THE PROGRESSIVE 1/87 P32
GUATEMALA, 83-86 CUSG, RECEIVES THE BACKING OF AIFLD AND IS PROGVT
DURING PERIOD OF MILITARY RULE, HAS LITTLE POPULARITY. AIFLD HAS GIVEN CUSG
$50,000 A YEAR SINCE 83. AIFLD SPONSORED TRAINING COURSES ATTENDED BY
12,500. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 8/86 P7
LATIN AMERICA. AIFLD DREW 92% BUDGET OF 6 MILLION FROM AID AND STATE DEPT
AND REPORTED RCV SIZEABLE FUNDS FROM CIA. MONEY USED TO TRAIN 300,000
UNIONISTS AT AIFLD'S FRONT ROYAL SCHOOL IN VA. WHERE COURSES HEAVILY SPIKED
WITH PRO-U.S. ANTI-COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA. AIFLD USED SUPPORT MILITARY COUPS
IN GUATEMALA, BRAZIL, AND CHILE AND TERRORISM AND RACIAL VIOLENCE AGAINST
JAGAN GVT GUYANA. LERNOUX, P. (1982). CRY OF THE PEOPLE 211
LATIN AMERICA, ORIT 50-70 SENATE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS SAID
ORIT ORIGINALLY FOUNDED FOR PURPOSE COMBATTING COMMUNIST INFILTRATION IN LA
LABOR MOVEMENT. ORIT NEVER SOLVED PROBLEM OF EMPHASIS BETWEEN FIGHTING
COMMUNISM AND STRENGTHENING DEMOCRATIC TRADE UNIONS. GENERALLY SPEAKING,
ORIT NORTH AMERICANS HAVE EMPHASIZED ANTI-COMMUNISM; LATIN AMERICANS
DEMOCRATIC TRADE UNIONISM. UC 234-5. REASON FOR DECLINE PRESTIGE. ORIT
SUPPORTS U.S. POLICY. ENDORSED OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ IN GUATEMALA AND GOULART
IN BRAZIL. SUPPORTED BURNHAM OVER CHEDDI JAGAN IN GUYANA AND APPROVED U.S.
INTERVENTION DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. ORIT AN ARM OF CIA. FRAZIER, H. (ED).
(1978). UNCLOAKING THE CIA 233-5
LEAKS
CENTRAL AMERICA, 78-79 WHEN SOMOZA ABOUT TO FALL THE CIA AND PENTAGON
URGED A POLICY BASED ON PREMISE THAT THE INSURRECTION WAS A SOVIET-CUBAN
PLOY. ON 2 MAY 79 THE CIA PREPARED AN INTERNAL REPORT ON "CUBAN SUPPORT FOR
CENTRAL AMERICAN GUERRILLA GROUPS," AND LEAKED IT TO THE PRESS. ON 8/2/79
THE PENTAGON AND CIA ARGUED FOR STEPS AGAINST NICARAGUA AND PROTECTIVE AID
FOR GUATEMALA AND SALVADOR. IN CONGRESS, REP MURPHY MOUNTED A CAMPAIGN
AGAINST CARTER'S NICARAGUAN AID PACKAGE FUELED BY A STEADY STREAM OF LEAKS
FROM INTEL AGENCIES. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 6/84 22-3
CENTRAL AMERICA, 79 AT A WHITE HOUSE MEETING 8/2/79, PENTAGON AND CIA
REPS WON APPROVAL FOR RESUMING MILITARY AID TO EL SALVADOR AND GUATEMALA.
OVER NEXT 3 MONTHS A SERIES OF CIA PRESS LEAKS CONTRADICTED CARTER AND
STATE DEPT CLAIMS THAT CUBAN INVOLVEMENT IN THE SANDINISTA TRIUMPH HAD BEEN
MINIMAL. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 6/84 P21
LIAISON
ARGENTINA, 81 IN EXCHANGE FOR U.S. ARMS SALES ARGENTINA TO AID NICARAGUA
CONTRAS. ICC 58. ALSO INVOLVED IN HONDURAS, EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA,
TEACHING TORTURE TECHNIQUES, ET AL. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J.
(1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 59
CENTRAL AMERICA, 81-83 SEE ARTICLE BY GEORGE BLACK, ISRAELI CONNECTION -
NOT JUST GUNS FOR GUATEMALA. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 6/83 43-45
GUATEMALA, 90 CIA PAYING RETAINERS TO HIGH-RANKING G-2 OFFICERS. ISRAELI
FOREIGN AFFAIRS 6/90 3
INSLAW PRES BILL HAMILTON SAYS HE HAS INFO THAT PROMIS ILLEGALLY SOLD TO
SOUTH KOREA, LIBYA, JORDAN, GREAT BRITAIN (ENGLAND), GERMANY, FRANCE,
AUSTRALIA, THAILAND, JAPAN, CHILE, GUATEMALA, BRAZIL, AND CANADA. CANADIAN
COMPANY, COMMUNICATIONS CANADA - THE CANADIAN WORKPLACE AUTOMATION RESEARCH
CENTER (CWARC) WROTE INSLAW A LETTER. ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTED POLICE ARE
OPERATING PROMIS IN 900 LOCATIONS. MICHAEL RICONOSCIUTO SWORE IN AN
AFFIDAVIT THAT WHEN HE DIRECTOR OF WACKENHUT CORP OF CORAL GABLES, FL ONE
OF HIS JOBS TO ADAPT PROMIS SOFTWARE. PETER VIDENIEKS AND EARL W. BRIAN
WERE FREQUENT VISITORS TO WACKENHUT. RICONOSCIUTO SAID HE TO MODIFY PROMIS
FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND INTEL AGENCIES WORLDWIDE. AFTER
TESTIFYING BEFORE HOUSE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE INVESTIGATORS, RICONOSCIUTO
ARRESTED AND CHARGED WITH SELLING MORE THAN 4 GRAMS OF POTENT SPEED. IN
THESE TIMES 6/11/91 11-13
ISRAEL, CENTRAL AMERICA, 73-88 OVER LAST 15 YEARS, ISRAEL HAS BECOME
FULL-FLEDGED COVERT PARTNER OF U.S. IN PROMOTING COUNTERREVOLUTION IN THE
THIRD WORLD. WHEN PUBLIC OPINION WONT SUPPORT DIRECT U.S.INTERVENTION,
ISRAELI INTEL AGENTS, MILITARY OFFICERS AND ARMS DEALERS AND HAVE SUPPLIED
TRAINING AND WEAPONS TO CHILE, EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA, HAITI, SOUTH AFRICA,
AND NICARAGUAN CONTRAS. TOP SECRET 0-88 25
NICARAGUA, ARGENTINA, 80-82 ARGENTINEAN HECTOR FRANCES WAS ASSIGNED TO
COSTA RICA TO GENERATE POLITICAL PRONOUNCEMENTS FAVORABLE TO CONTRAS. THE
ARGENTINEANS WERE UNDER DIRECTION OF CIA. ARGENTINEANS GIVE INSTRUCTION IN
SABOTAGE. OP BEGAN IN 80 WHEN SOME 50 EX-SOMOCISTA GUARDS TRAINED IN
ARGENTINA AND SENT TO COSTA RICA, PANAMA, GUATEMALA AND MIAMI WHERE OTHERS
WERE TRAINED IN PARAMILITARY ACTIVITY. SALARIES OF ARGENTINEANS PAID BY
U.S. ARGENTINEAN ADVISERS IN HONDURAS PURCHASED MUCH UNDER COVER OF CIA
FRONT HERNANDEZ AND ASSOCIATES. CHAMORRO, E. (1987). PACKAGING THE CONTRAS
62
U.S. AND ENGLAND INTEL SERVICES WORKED TOGETHER FOR YEARS. U.S. HAS
AGREEMENTS WITH NATO COUNTRIES, ISRAEL, AND AUSTRALIA BUT ALSO THAILAND AND
GUATEMALA. BRITISH RECIPROCATE FULLY. GERMANS HAVE NOT SHARED INFO GATHERED
IN OPS THAT WOULD DISPLEASE THE U.S. CIA'S LIAISON WITH FRANCE IS AT ARMS'
LENGTH BECAUSE U.S. HAS NEVER TAKEN FRANCE ENTIRELY SERIOUSLY AS AN ALLY.
CIA LIAISON WITH ITALY EVEN MORE DISTANT. PRIOR TO 74 JAMES ANGLETON
HANDLED U.S. END OF INTEL RELATIONSHIP WITH ISRAEL OUT OF THE CI DIVISION.
CODEVILLA, A. (1992). INFORMING STATECRAFT: INTELLIGENCE FOR A NEW CENTURY
94-5
MEDIA
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS OF UNITED FRUIT DEVELOPED STRATEGY RE GUATEMALA
TO SELECT MOST INFLUENTIAL MEMBERS MEDIA, THE TIMES, SEVERAL OTHER PAPERS,
TWO OR THREE MAJOR NEWS MAGAZINES, WIRE SERVICES AND ELECTRONIC NETWORKS -
FOLLOWED BY A HIGH - LEVEL SATURATION CAMPAIGN TO EXPOSE MEDIA'S REPORTERS
TO COMPANY'S VERSION OF FACTS. CAMPAIGN INCLUDED GUIDED TOURS WITH UP TO 10
NEWSMEN PER JUNKET AT COMPANY EXPENSE. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN
COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 47
GUATEMALA, 51-54 BERNAYS WITH UNITED FRUIT BROUGHT GUATEMALA TO ATTENTION
OF NEW YORK TIMES PUBLISHER SULZBURGER WHO MADE AN INSPECTION TRIP TO
COUNTRY - WHILE ON TRIP A "COMMUNIST RIOT" TOOK PLACE. A PR COUP FOR
BERNAYS. MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED
FRUIT 46
GUATEMALA, 53-54 IN 53 USIS PRESENTED A DOCUMENT TO THE OPS COORDINATING
BOARD THAT SAYS USIA HELPED WITH THE PREPARATION AND PLACEMENT OF
UNATTRIBUTED ARTICLES LABELING GUATEMALAN GVT FIGURES AS COMMUNISTS. THESE
WERE PLANTED IN A CHILEAN NEWSPAPER AND LATER REPRINTED IN SELECTED OTHER
COUNTRIES WITH CHILEAN ATTRIBUTION. WORKED IN COORDINATION WITH DOS AND
CIA. THE NATION 10/28/78 P440
GUATEMALA, 53-60 UNITED FRUIT ARRANGED FOR TOURS FOR PRESS WITHIN HOURS
OF EXPROPRIATION OF UF LAND. TOURS INCLUDED REPS OF TIME-LIFE, SEVERAL
LARGE DAILIES, NEWSWEEK AND THE WIRE SERVICES. AN AVALANCHE OF PUBLICITY
FAVORING UF FOLLOWED AFTER TRIP. UF DISTRIBUTED A CONFIDENTIAL GUATEMALAN
NEWSLETTER EACH WEEK TO A LIST OF 250 AMERICAN JOURNALISTS. NEWSLETTER
LATER BROADENED TO INCLUDE HONDURAS, COSTA RICA, AND PANAMA WHICH MEANT
THAT FROM 53-60 A GREAT DEAL OF NEWS OF CENTRAL AMERICA IN NORTH AMERICAN
PRESS WAS SUPPLIED, EDITED AND SOMETIMES MADE BY UF'S PR DEPT. MCANN, T.
(1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 59
GUATEMALA, 54 DURING CIA-BACKED COUP ITS FORCES BROUGHT PHOTOGRAPHERS
AND WAR CORRESPONDENTS ALONG ON THEIR EXPEDITION. SCHLESINGER, S., &
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 19
GUATEMALA, 54 TO SILENCE SYDNEY GRUSON, AN EXPERIENCED NY TIMES
REPORTER, ALLEN DULLES CONTACTED GENERAL JULIUS ADLER, BUSINESS MANAGER OF
THE TIMES. TOLD HIM GRUSON AND WIFE, FLORA LEWIS, WERE UNRELIABLE. ARTHUR
HAYS SULZBERGER, PUBLISHER, TOLD GRUSON TO STAY PUT IN MEXICO CITY (DURING
CIA COUP). SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 155
GUATEMALA, 54 THE NEW YORK TIMES AND LIFE USED INFORMATION FROM THE
CIA-BACKED STATION "VOICE OF LIBERATION," AS AUTHENTIC. PHILLIPS, D.A.
(1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 46
GUATEMALA, 54 WITH DECISION TO OVERTHROW GVT THE DOS SOLICITED NEWSMEN TO
WRITE ABOUT EVENTS. ONE DOS MEMO SAID ITS OFFICERS SHOULD VISIT AN EDITOR
OF FORTUNE, CHARLES MURPHY, PRESUMABLY TO LEAK HIM "FAVORABLE STORIES," AND
ANOTHER SAID THE SIMILAR IDEA RE DREW PEARSON. THE NATION 10/28/78 P442
MEXICO, 70-85 AN OUTSPOKEN CRITIC OF READER'S DIGEST'S COZY RELATIONSHIP
WITH CIA WAS MANUEL BUENDIA IN HIS COLUMN IN EXCELSIOR, MEXICO CITY'S
LEADING NEWSPAPER AND SYNDICATED IN TWO HUNDRED OTHER PAPERS. HE ALSO WROTE
BOOK, "LA CIA EN MEXICO," PUBLISHED IN 83. HE WROTE ABOUT RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN RD'S LATIN AMERICAN PUBLICATION, SELECCIONES, AND AN AMERICAN
WRITER WHO "IN THE LAST 20 YEARS, DANIEL JAMES HAS WRITTEN ONLY WHAT HE HAS
BEEN ORDERED TO BY CIA." JAMES LIVED IN MEXICO FROM 56-78 AND RECEIVED
DEGREES FROM PACIFIC WESTERN UNIVERSITY BASED ON BOOKS HE WROTE, INCLUDING
THE 1954 "RED DESIGN FOR AMERICA: GUATEMALAN PRELUDE." JAMES ALSO HELD
MOSTLY HONORARY POSITION OF MANAGING EDITOR OF THE "NEW LEADER," A COLD WAR
LIBERAL PUBLICATION WITH TIES TO CIA. BUENDIA IDENTIFIED ANTONIO RODRIGUEZ
VILLAR, DIRECTOR OF "SELECCIONES" IN MEXICO CITY AS A CIA AGENT. A CHARTER
MEMBER OF HARRY MORGAN'S WORLD PRESS INSTITUTE, VILLAR ALSO SERVED AS PRESS
SPOKESMAN FOR ARGENTINE FEDERAL POLICE DURING JUNTA'S DIRTY WAR WHEN 20,000
PEOPLE ALLEGEDLY DISAPPEARED. BUENDIA CLAIMED CIA, "A LONGTIME FRIEND OF
SELLECCIONES, [HAD] TAKEN OVER ITS LATIN AMERICAN EDITIONS, THROUGH
INDIVIDUALS SUCH AS VILLAR." ON 5/30/84, BUENDIA WAS SHOT FOUR TIMES IN THE
BACK. MEXICO'S FEDERAL POLICE DESTROYED MOST OF HIS FILES. JAMES LATER
TURNED UP IN A THINK-TANK CALLED MEXICO-UNITED STATES INSTITUTE.
"EXCELSOIR" CHARGED JAMES WAS A CIA AGENT DURING HIS YEARS IN MEXICO AND
MUSI PART OF A CONSPIRACY TO DESTABILIZE THE INSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTIONARY
PARTY (IRP) MEXICO'S RULING PARTY. JAMES ADMITTED TO NEW YORK TIMES IN 77
THAT HE HAD TIES TO CIA. HIS BACHELOR DEGREE AND HIS DOCTORATE IN LATIN
AMERICAN STUDIES WERE OBTAINED BY MAIL ORDER AND MUSI WAS FUNDED BY WEALTHY
TEXAN CONSERVATIVES. MUSI SUSPECTED TO BE A FRONT FOR CIA. JAMES NOW
STRENUOUSLY DENIED ANY CIA CONNECTION. HEIDENRY, J. (1993). THEIRS WAS THE
KINGDOM 594-7
THE CHIEF PR OFFICER OF UNITED FRUIT COMPANY SAID "A GREAT DEAL OF THE NEWS
WHICH APPEARED IN THE NORTH AMERICAN PRESS WAS SUPPLIED, EDITED AND
SOMETIMES MADE UP BY UNITED FRUIT'S PUBLIC RELATIONS DEPT." DURING THE
PERIOD WHEN BOTH "COMPANIES" (UF AND THE CIA) WERE LAYING THE GROUNDWORK
FOR THE OVERTHROW OF THE GUATEMALAN DEMOCRACY. Z MAGAZINE 11/88 14
MERCENARIES
GUATEMALA, 53-54 RECRUITS FOR THE CIA "LIBERATION ARMY" WERE GUATEMALAN
EXILES AND MERCENARIES RECRUITED OPENLY IN HONDURAS AND NICARAGUA AND PAID
$300.00 A MONTH. TRAINING FOR THE INVASION OF GUATEMALA TOOK PLACE IN
NICARAGUA AND LATER IN HONDURAS. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974).
GUATEMALA 69
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA RECRUITED MERCENARIES THRUOUT CENTRAL AMER FOR
OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ. AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES 226
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA TRAINING AMERICANS AND ASSORTED LATIN AMERICANS FOR OP
IN GUATEMALA. PRADOS, J. (1986). PRESIDENTS' SECRET WARS 102
MILITARY
CENTRAL AMERICA, 64-88 CONDECA CREATED IN 64 BY GUATEMALA, HONDURAS,
AND EL SALVADOR. THE STAFF OF CONDECA IS CLOSELY SUPERVISED BY THE CIA,
WHICH PROVIDES INTEL, AND BY THE U.S. ARMY, NAVY AND AIR FORCE. JONES, S.,
& TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA 204-205
CENTRAL AMERICA, 84 "THE GENERALS STILL RUN LATIN DEMOCRACIES." IN
HONDURAS, PANAMA, EL SALVADOR NOW JOINED BY GUATEMALA, THE MILITARY IS THE
SOURCE OF POWER. ELECTED CIVILIAN PRESIDENTS ARE MERELY THOSE WHO BARGAIN
TO SHARE SOME POWER. THE U.S. SEEMS TO DECLARE THE DEMOCRATIC PROCESS IN
PLACE ONCE AN ELECTION HELD. CONGRESS ACCEPTS THE ELECTIONS AS DEMOCRACY IN
DECIDING U.S. AID. WASHINGTON POST 11/10/85 D1,4
GUATEMALA, 50-72 IN OCT 66 ARANA (WITH INCREASING AMOUNTS OF U.S.
MILITARY AND POLICE AID TO GUATEMALA) WAS USING QUASI-MILITARY TERRORIST
UNITS IN GUERRILLA ZONES. IN COORDINATION WITH ARMY AND POLICE INTEL
APPARATUS, PM GROUPS WERE USED TO ROOT OUT GUERRILLA SYMPATHIZERS. GUA 196.
A KEY FUNCTION OF U.S. ADVISERS WAS THE SELECTION OF PROMISING GUATEMALAN
OFFICER FOR U.S.-SPONSORED TRAINING AND FOR THEIR POSITIONING IN KEY POSTS
WITHIN THE ARMY. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA 197
GUATEMALA, 54-74 IN THE 20 YEARS AFTER THE 54 COUP, THE US PAID OUT $50
MILLION TO TRAIN THE MOST EFFICIENT MILITARY MACHINE IN C.A. AND FROM THE
LATE 60S, THIS MACHINE REPRESSED ALL OPPOSITION WITH SAVAGERY. WALL STREET
JOURNAL 2/24/83
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA LAUNCHED CLANDESTINE RADIO CAMPAIGN 7 WEEKS BEFORE
INVASION. TRAINED 3 GUATEMALANS AT OPA-LOCKA IN CLASSIC DISINFORMATION.
STATION CALLED VOICE OF LIBERATION. THEME OF BROADCASTS WAS ARBENZ SECRETLY
PLANNING TO DISBAND ARMED FORCES AND REPLACE THEM WITH PEOPLES MILITIA. CIA
LEAFLETS CARRIED SAME MESSAGE. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER
FRUIT 168
GUATEMALA, 54 JUNE LIGHT BOMBING, WITH JAMMING OF LOCAL RADIO STATIONS
AMID MISLEADING INSTRUCTIONS BROADCAST FROM OUTSIDE COUNTRY PROVOKED REVOLT
BY GUATEMALAN ARMY LEADERS. OFFICER CORPS PARTICULARLY FEARED A VAIN
ATTEMPT BY ARBENZ TO ARM THE LEFTIST POPULAR MILITIA. HIGGINS, T. (1987).
THE PERFECT FAILURE 34
GUATEMALA, 54-77 FROM 54 TO THE CARTER ADM THE U.S. WOULD TRAIN, FINANCE
AND OVERHAUL THE GUATEMALAN ARMY AND SECURITY FORCES. FROM 50-57 17.8
MILLION FOR FOREIGN MILITARY SALES (FMS), 16.1 MILLION FOR MILITARY
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS (MAP) AND 6.5. MILLION FOR INTERNATIONAL MILITARY
EDUCATION AND TRAINING (IMET). UNDER IMET 3,073 CADETS PASSED THRU U.S.
TRAINING. AN ADD 4.4 MILLION IN POLICE TRAINING AND SUPPLIES UNDER OFFICE
OF PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAM. OVER ALL U.S. SPENT 45 MILLION ON MILITARY
MACHINE. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P7
GUATEMALA, 54 IN OVERTHROW EISENHOWER ENLISTED ALL AMBASSADORS IN THE
AREA, GAVE A ROLE TO USIS, AS WELL AS THE US ARMY AND NAVY AND THE CIA. HE
ASKED EVERY DICTATOR IN THE AREA; I.E., TRUJILLO, BATISTA, SOMOZA, JIMENEZ,
AND OTHERS IN HONDURAS AND EL SALVADOR TO JOIN A REGION-WIDE SEIGE. THE
NATION 10/28/78 P44O
GUATEMALA, 80-85 SEE ARTICLE IN NACLA "UNDER THE GUN," ABOUT THE
MILITARY'S DOMINATION OF GUATEMALA FOR THE LAST THREE DECADES. NACLA
(MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 12/85 10-23
GUATEMALA, 85-86 CUSG, RECEIVES THE BACKING OF AIFLD AND IS PROGVT
DURING PERIOD OF MILITARY RULE, HAS LITTLE POPULARITY. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE
LATIN AMERICA) 8/86 P7
GUATEMALA, 89-90 GUATEMALAN RIGHTS PERFORMANCE DETERIORATES DESPITE
PROMISES. PRESIDENT FAILS TO REIN IN VIOLATORS, SAID TO INCLUDE MILITARY.
WASHINGTON POST 4/13/90 A20
GUATEMALA, 90 MILITARY AID TO GUATEMALA SUSPENDED. U.S. CITES FAILURE TO
CURB HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES. WASHINGTON POST 12/22/90 A9
LATIN AMERICA. AIFLD DREW 92% BUDGET OF 6 MILLION FROM AID AND STATE DEPT
AND REPORTED RCV SIZEABLE FUNDS FROM CIA. MONEY USED TO TRAIN 300,000
UNIONISTS AT AIFLD'S FRONT ROYAL SCHOOL IN VA. WHERE COURSES HEAVILY SPIKED
WITH PRO-U.S. ANTI-COMMUNIST PROPAGANDA. AIFLD USED SUPPORT MILITARY COUPS
IN GUATEMALA, BRAZIL, AND CHILE AND TERRORISM AND RACIAL VIOLENCE AGAINST
JAGAN GVT GUYANA. LERNOUX, P. (1982). CRY OF THE PEOPLE 211
LATIN AMERICA, 80-91 THOUSANDS EL SALVADOR SOLDIERS RCVD TRG AT SCHOOL OF
THE AMERICAS (SOA) AT FORT BENNING IN COLUMBUS GA. IN BRAZIL, GUATEMALA,
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC TORTURE AND DEATH SQUADS FOLLOW CLOSELY U.S.
INTERVENTION AND TRG. SOA MOVED TO BENNING FROM PANAMA IN 84. EST IN 46
TO TRAIN OFFICERS AND FOSTER ANTI-COMMUNISM, ITS GRADUATES RETURN AND
OVERTHROW CONSTITUTIONAL GVTS AND SET UP REPRESSIVE REGIMES. RECORD OF
ABUSES BY SALVADORANS. LIES OF OUR TIME 6/91 11
LATIN AMERICA, NSC 5432, 8/18/ 54 "U.S. POLICY TOWARD LATIN AMERICA."
"STUDY OF U.S. POLICY TOWARD LATIN AMERICAN MILITARY FORCES." FORMER
REPLACES NSC 5419, 5419/1, "U.S. POLICY IN THE EVENT OF GUATEMALAN
AGGRESSION IN LATIN AMERICA." CHOMSKY, N. (1988). THE CULTURE OF TERRORISM
188
VIETNAM, LATIN AMERICA, 60-63 KENNEDY HAD NO INTENTION TO SMASH CIA TO
BITS. JKF PROMISED TO REDOUBLE HIS EFFORTS AND TO IMPROVE COVERT OPS. HE
APPOINTED AS DIRECTOR JOHN MCCONE AND COVERT OPS MULTIPLIED IN CUBA, LAOS,
VIETNAM AND AFRICA. ONE OF KENNEDY LEGACIES WAS HIS 62 DECISION TO SHIFT
THE MISSION OF LATIN AMERICAN MILITARY FROM HEMISPHERIC DEFENSE TO INTERNAL
SECURITY - DECISION LED TO CHANGE FROM TOLERATION "OF RAPACITY AND CRUELTY
OF THE LATIN AMERICAN MILITARY" TO "DIRECT COMPLICITY" IN THE METHODS OF
HEINRICH HIMLLER'S EXTERMINATION SQUADS. IMPROVED METHODS OF REPRESSION
PART OF ANOTHER LATIN AMERICAN INITIATIVE, THE ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS, WHICH
REQUIRED EFFECTIVE POPULATION CONTROL; RELATED PROJECTS HELPED SUBVERT
DEMOCRACY AND BRING ON BRUTALLY REPRESSIVE REGIMES IN EL SALVADOR, THE
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, GUATEMALA, BRITISH GUIANA, CHILE, BRAZIL AND ELSEWHERE.
SIX MILITARY COUPS OVERTHREW POPULAR REGIMES DURING KENNEDY YEARS, TEN MORE
LATER. Z MAG 10/92 23
NED
81-93 ARTICLE BY WILLIAM ROBINSON. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (NED)
IS A DELIBERATE MISNOMER. NED GREW OUT OF PROJECT DEMOCRACY IN 81,
SUPERVISED BY WALTER RAYMOND, A CIA PROPAGANDA SPECIALIST. NSDD 77 IN 83,
FOCUSED ON PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND CREATED AN OFFICE OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY (OPD)
IN THE WHITE HOUSE - IT LATER RULED ILLEGAL. THIRD ASPECT OF NSDD 77 LED TO
DEVELOPMENT OF NED. MONIES ARE CHANNELED THRU AID AND USIA AND ALL OPS
SUBMITTED THRU STATE DEPT FOR APPROVAL. NED NOT SUBJECT TO CONGRESSIONAL
OVERSIGHT. ITS ACTIVITIES COORDINATED WITH CIA OPERATIONS. NED HAS TAKEN
OVER MUCH OF FUNDING AND POLITICAL GUIDANCE FOR POLITICAL PARTIES, TRADE
UNIONS, BUSINESS GROUPS, NEWS MEDIA AND CIVIC ORGS THAT CIA HAD FUNDED. IN
GUATEMALA, NED FUNDS HAVE GONE TO A CONSERVATIVE GUATAMALAN POLITICAL PARTY
KNOWN AS THE SOLIDARITY ACTION MOVEMENT (MAS) FOUNDED BY JORGE SERRANO. IN
CHILE AND MANY OTHER LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES, NED FUNDS MODERATE AND
CONSERVATIVE TRADE UNIONS. NED-SUPPORTED UNIONS AFFILIATED WITH AIFLD. IN
HAITI, MASS-BASED DEMOCRATIC CIVIC ORGS SPREAD DURING 80s, EVENTUALLY
OVERTHROWING US-BACKED DUVALIER DYNASTY AND LED TO ARISTIDE VICTORY. NED
WORKED TO MARGINALIZE THESE GROUPS AND FUNDED THINK TANKS AND POLITICAL
GROUPS LINKED TO THE TRADITIONAL ELITE - AS ITS SUPPORTS [EVERYWHERE]. IN
HAITI, CHILE, THE PHILIPPINES, SOUTH AFRICA, NICARAGUA AND ELSEWHERE PEOPLE
HAVE STRUGGLED TO REPLACE DICTATORSHIPS - WHICH NED FIGHTS TO KEEP IN
POWER. UNCLASSIFIED 1/94 18-20
COLUMBIA, 84 HELPING TEACHERS ORGS THRU INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF FREE
TEACHERS' UNION (IFFTU). SIMILAR EFFORTS IN GUATEMALA, EL SALVADOR, PANAMA,
URUGUAY, PARAGUAY AND ST. LUCIA. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL
REPORTS 1984 16
DELHI RESEARCH ASSOCIATES/DELPHI INTERNATIONAL. DELPHI RECEIVED ONE NED
GRANT FOR WORK IN GUATEMALA. GRANT WAS FOR $22,000 AND WENT TO CENTER FOR
POLITICAL STUDIES (CEDEP) TO CONVENE A NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF GUATEMALAN
WOMEN'S ASSOCIATIONS TO SET GUIDELINES FOR PROMOTION OF "DEMOCRATIC
VALUES." DELPHI ALSO ADMINISTERED NED GRANTS FROM 86 THROUGH 89 FOR WORK
WITH DOMINICAN ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN VOTERS IN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (ADVM).
GRANTS WERE USED TO CONDUCT CIVIC AND ELECTORAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS AND FOR
MEDIA OUTREACH. A GRANT OF WAS GIVEN IN 86 IN PREPARATION FOR ELECTIONS
HELD THAT YEAR. BEGINNING IN 87, DELPHI RESEARCH ASSOCIATES WAS FUNDED BY
NED FOR WORK IN CHILE ORGANIZING AND TRAINING YOUTH GROUPS AND
"DEMOCRATICALLY ORIENTED" COMMUNITY LEADERS IN SLUM DISTRICTS. FROM 86
THROUGH 89 NED FUNDED DELPHI TO SUPPORT VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS, PARTICULARLY
THOSE INVOLVED IN OPPOSITION MOVEMENT TO PINOCHET. MANY OF THESE GRANTS
SUPPORTED ACTIVITIES WHICH FOCUSED ON MOBILIZING ANTI-PINOCHET VOTERS FOR
PLEBISCITE WHICH RESULTED IN PUBLIC REJECTION OF PINOCHET'S REGIME. THESE
GROUPS INCLUDED CENTER FOR YOUTH DEVELOPMENT (CDJ), FOUNDATION FOR
NEIGHBORHOOD AND COMMUNITY ACTION (AVEC), AND DAILY NEWSPAPER LA EPOCA.
OTHER GROUPS THAT RECEIVED NED FUNDS INCLUDE EDUCATION FOR CITIZEN
PARTICIPATION (PARTICIPA) AND COMMITTEE FOR FREE ELECTIONS (CEL). RESOURCE
CENTER GROUPWATCH PROJECT
GUATEMALA, 86-87 USIP, MEMBER, ALLEN WEINSTEIN, HISTORY PROFESSOR AT
BOSTON U, WAS FIRST ACTING DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY.
UNDER AUSPICES OF HIS WASHINGTON-BASED CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY, WEINSTEIN
PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN U.S. ELECTORAL INTERVENTION STRATEGY. IN 86 WEINSTEIN
LED A TEAM OF U.S. OBSERVERS TO PHILIPPINES TO PRESSURE MARCOS REGIME
REGARDING VOTE FRAUD AND PAVE WAY FOR TRANSITION TO CORY AQUINO'S RULE.
SUBSEQUENTLY, CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY WAS A TOP NED CONDUIT TO U.S. BACKED UNO
COALITION IN NICARAGUA. AT ABOUT THAT TIME, CENTER CONTRACTED WITH AID TO
TRAIN SELECTED GUATEMALAN POLITICAL LEADERS IN "DEMOCRATIC" PROCEDURES. Z
SUMMER 90 112
GUATEMALA, 86-90 NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (NED) IS MEDDLING IN
GUATEMALA. NED PROVIDED 200,000 IN GRANTS TO CHICAGO-BASED ROOSEVELT CENTER
FOR AMERICAN POLICY STUDIES, WHICH IN TURN UNDERWRITES THE GUATEMALAN
ASIES, RESEARCH AND SOCIAL STUDIES ASSOCIATION. ASIES HAS NATIONWIDE CIVIC
EDUCATION PROGRAM. SPONSORED SEMINARS IN 86. NED ALSO GIVES MONEY TO ORGS
THAT SERVE U.S. BUSINESS; E.G., CENTER FOR POLITICAL STUDIES OR CEDEP
EITHER DIRECTLY OR THRU 2 U.S.-BASED GROUPS, CARIBBEAN CENTRAL AMERICAN
ACTION AND DELPHI INTERNATIONAL, TO PROMOTE U.S. INVESTMENTS. NED
INTERVENES IN LABOR. THE PROGRESSIVE 2/90 33
GUATEMALA, 86-90 NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (NED) IS MEDDLING IN
GUATEMALA. NED PROVIDED 200,000 IN GRANTS TO CHICAGO-BASED ROOSEVELT CENTER
FOR AMERICAN POLICY STUDIES, WHICH IN TURN UNDERWRITES THE GUATEMALAN
ASIES, THE RESEARCH AND SOCIAL STUDIES ASSOCIATION. ASIES HAS NATIONWIDE
CIVIC EDUCATION PROGRAM. SPONSORED SEMINARS IN 86. NED ALSO GIVES MONEY TO
ORGS THAT SERVE U.S. BUSINESS; I.E., THE CENTER FOR POLITICAL STUDIES OR
CEDEP EITHER DIRECTLY OR THRU 2 U.S.-BASED GROUPS, CARIBBEAN CENTRAL
AMERICAN ACTION AND DELPHI INTERNATIONAL TO PROMOTE U.S. INVESTMENTS. NED
INTERVENES IN LABOR. THE PROGRESSIVE 2/90 33
IN 89 NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (NED), A SMALL PRIVATE FOUNDATION
CHARTERED AND FUNDED BY CONGRESS TO "PROMOTE DEMOCRACY ABROAD." NED DOLES
OUT MONEY $15.8 MILLION IN 89 TO PRIVATE U.S. -BASED GROUPS. MOST MONEY
GOES TO INSTITUTES AFFILIATED WITH 4 ENTITIES: AFL-CIO, U.S. CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE, DEMOCRATIC PARTY, REPUBLICAN PARTY. ALL 4 RUN THEIR OWN MINIATURE
STATE DEPTS. NATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE USES MONEY 1.7 MILLION TO HELP
CONSERVATIVES IN LATIN AMERICA. A MAJOR PROJECT OF THE INSTITUTE IS THE
CENTRAL AMERICAN POLITICAL ACADEMY WHICH COMPRISES 4 THINK TANKS IN THE
AREA. THE HONDURAN COMPONENT IS THE CENTER FOR ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND
SOCIAL STUDIES. IN GUATEMALA IT IS POLITICAL ACADEMY FOR LIBERTY AND
JUSTICE (ACAP). ANOTHER IN GUATEMALA IS CENTER FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES.
IN COSTA RICA ASSOCIATION FOR DEFENSE OF FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY. ALL 4 THINK
TANKS AFFILIATED WITH THE INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRAT UNION (IDU), A
CONFEDERATION OF CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES FROM 20 COUNTRIES, FIRST
CONVENED IN LONDON IN 83 . THE NED ENGAGES OPENLY IN THE TYPE OF WORK ONCE
RESERVED FOR THE CIA-PROMOTING POLITICAL PARTIES, FUNDING PROPAGANDA,
INFLUENCING CAMPAIGNS, COURTING TRADE UNIONS, ETC. THE NATION 12/18/89
744-746
IN CENTRAL AMERICA NRI FUNDED CIVIC EDUCATION AND VOTER MOBILIZATION
PROJECT IN GUATEMALA ($79,241). CIPE COMMITTED $45,000 TO SUPPORT
MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE, PAN AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION AUGMENTED BY
LATER ($56,000). NCRL STUDY, ASSIGNED DATE 12/86
NED BASED ON 3 MODELS INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AID: CLANDESTINE SUPPORT FOR
POLITICAL PARTIES, LABOR UNIONS, ACADEMICS, AND OTHER PRIVATE ORGS.; OPS OF
AFL-CIO'S FOREIGN LABOR INSTITUTES; AND, INTERNATIONAL OPS OF WEST GERMAN
POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS. LATTER INCLUDE SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC FRIEDRICH EBERT
FOUNDATION AND RIGHTWING CHRISTIAN SOCIALIST UNION'S HANNS SEIDEL
FOUNDATION. THE KONRAD ADENAUER FOUNDATION KNOWN FOR MANIPULATING POLITICS
IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES IN 60-69 AND IN CHILE IN 60s AND GUATEMALA
AND EL SALVADOR IN 80-89 FROM 60S ONWARD IT A LAUNDRY FOR CIA FUNDS; E.G.
IN 84 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN EL SALVADOR IT A CONDUIT OF CIA MONEY IN
AMOUNT OF $350,000 FOR DUARTE. COHA AND THE RESOURCE CENTER, (1990).
NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY 12
NED, 93 ARTICLES IN THE 10/93 JOURNAL WRITTEN BY: ARTURO VALENZUELA; D.L.
HOROWITZ; TRAVAILS IN NIGERIA, BY ROTIMI SUBERU; INDIA: THE DILEMMAS OF
DIVERSITY, BY HARDGRAVE; CANADA, BY HUGH DONALD FORBES; BUGAJSKI; VESNA
PESIC; THE UN AND THE CAMBODIAN TRANSITION, BY JULIO JELDRES; THWARTING THE
GUATEMALAN COUP, BY FRANCISCO VILLAGRAN DE LEON; AND, MARK JUERGENSMEYER.
JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY (NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY) V4 #4 10/83 144
PAGES
NICARAGUA
NICARAGUA, ANASTASIO SOMOZA, 54 SON OF DICTATOR HAD BEEN FATHER'S
LIAISON TO CIA GUATEMALA OP. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987).
THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 23
NSC
54 ON 3/15/54, NSC 5412 GAVE MANDATE SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT FROM NSC 10/5 AND
LIMITED THE AUTHORITY. LANGUAGE GIVEN. DCI CONTROLLED PROCESS AT LUNCHEON
MEETINGS. WIDE-RANGING PROJECTS APPROVED - PROVIDING FUNDS FOR SEVERAL
ATTEMPTS IN EARLY 50s TO EVACUATE CHINESE NATIONALISTS (LI MI) FORCES FROM
BURMA THROUGH COMPENSATION FOR A BRITISH SHIP DESTROYED BY ACTION DURING
ANTI-ARBENZ REVOLUTION IN GUATEMALA IN 54 (SHIP WAS SUNK BY PLANE FURNISHED
BY PRESIDENT SOMOZA OF NICARAGUA)... JACKSON, W. (CIA STUDY DECLASSIFIED
1994). VOLUME III, COVERT ACTIVITIES 42-3
CENTRAL AMERICA, 83-84 TEXT OF AN NSC DOC "U.S. POLICY IN C.A. AND CUBA
THROUGH F.Y.84, SUMMARY PAPER," ON A MEETING OF THE NSC PLANNING GROUP
4/82. DOC CALLS FOR KEEPING THE NICARAGUAN GVT FROM "EXPORTING REVOLUTION,"
AND TO STRENGTHEN PRO-U.S. ELEMENTS IN EL SALVADOR AND GUATEMALA. IT
APPROVES THE BEGINNING OF COVERT OPS IN GUATEMALA AGAINST ANTI-GVT FORCES
AND AN EFFORT TO KEEP MEXICO "ISOLATED" FROM C.A. ISSUES. GROUP DISCUSSED
MAKING A CONCERTED EFFORT TO INCREASE FACTIONAL STRIFE AMONG GUERRILLA
GROUPS AND THEIR POLITICAL ALLIES IN EL SALVADOR. PROPOSED STEPPING UP
EFFORTS TO COOPT CONGRESSIONAL EFFORTS TO LINK APPROVAL OF AID TO PROMOTION
OF TALKS BETWEEN WARRING SIDES IN C.A. NEW YORK TIMES 4/7/83 A1,16
GUATEMALA, NSC 5419/1, CIRCA 53 SET FORTH POLICY TOWARD GUATEMALA.
HIGGINS, T. (1987). THE PERFECT FAILURE 28
LATIN AMERICA, NSC 5432, 8/18/ 54 "U.S. POLICY TOWARD LATIN AMERICA."
"STUDY OF U.S. POLICY TOWARD LATIN AMERICAN MILITARY FORCES." FORMER
REPLACES NSC 5419, 5419/1, "U.S. POLICY IN THE EVENT OF GUATEMALAN
AGGRESSION IN LATIN AMERICA." CHOMSKY, N. (1988). THE CULTURE OF TERRORISM
188
OP
GUATEMALA, 53-54 OP SUCCESS OR PBSSUCCES WAS ORGANIZED IN LATE SUMMER
1953 WITH INTENTION OF OVERTHROWING ARBENZ. CIA'S DIRECTORATE OF PLANS
(DDP), UNDER DIRECTION OF FRANK WISNER, ESTABLISHED A SEPARATE PLANNING
UNIT WITH ITS OWN COMMUNICATION, FINANCIAL AND COVERT AGENT SUPPORT. UNIT
HAD AUTHORITY TO REQUISITION CONFIDENTIAL FUNDS. DIRECTORATE OF INTEL WAS
EXCLUDED IN PLANING. STATE DEPT WAS EXCLUDED WITH EXCEPTION OF SEC. DULLES
AND UNDERSEC. SMITH. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 244
GUATEMALA, 54 OP FORTUNE PLAN TO SMUGGLE ARMS TO ARBENZ OPPONENTS ON
UNITED FRUIT BOATS. PLAN CANCELLED BY STATE DEPT. SCHLESINGER, S., &
KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 92, 102
GUATEMALA, 54 OP SUCCESS CIA NAME FOR OP OVERTURNED ARBENZ GVT.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 109
GUATEMALA, 54 OP SUCCESS. AG 267 KEY TO SUCCESS WAS PSYCHOLOGICAL AND
PROPAGANDA ONSLAUGHT. RANELAGH, J. (1986). THE AGENCY 267
GUATEMALA, 54 OP HARD ROCK WAS LAUNCHED IN MAY 54 IN SUPPORT OF OP
SUCCESS. EISENHOWER ORDERED U.S. NAVY TO SEARCH ALL SHIPS, INCLUDING
EUROPEAN, FOR ARMS BOUND FOR GUATEMALA. WHILE NO ARMS WERE FOUND, U.S. NAVY
VESSELS PATROLLING GULF OF HONDURAS HAD PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT ON GUATEMALAN
MILITARY. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 312,313
ORGANIZATIONS
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN, 92 ORGANIZATIONS SUPPORTED BY NED IN
1992 INCLUDE: ARGENTINA -- INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC STUDIES IN ARGENTINA,
CONCIENCA; BOLIVIA -- CENTER FOR LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES, GEORGETOWN
UNIVERSITY SUPPORTS FUNDACION MILENIO, PRODEMOS; BRAZIL -- LIBERAL
INSTITUTE OF RIO DE JANEIRO'S LEGISLATIVE ADVISORY PROGRAM, BRAZIL'S
GENERAL CONFEDERATION OF LABOR; CHILE -- UNITARY CONFEDERATION OF CHILEAN
WORKERS, FUNDACION JAIME GUZMAN AND INSTITUTO LIBERTAD, NATIONAL INSTITUTE
FOR CITIZEN EDUCATION IN THE LAW WITH CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF CHILE;
COLUMBIA -- RESEARCH FOUNDATION OF STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AND
UNIVERSITY OF ANDES; CUBA -- PUBLICATION, "UN SOLO PUEBLO," CUBAN AMERICAN
FOUNDATION, INTERNATIONAL COALITION FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN CUBA (ICHRC) AND
THE ASSOCIATION FOR CONTINENTAL PEACE TO PUBLISH "CUBA DISIDENTES,"
DISIDENTE UNIVERSAL," "EL DISIDENTE," INFO BUREAU OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS
MOVEMENT IN CUBA, INSTITUTE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE OF THE PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC
UNIVERSITY OF CHILE, "JOVEN CUBANO," YOUTH COORDINATOR OF DEMOCRATIC
ASSOCIATIONS (COJADE); DOMINICAN REPUBLIC -- NATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF
DOMINICAN WORKERS, SOCIAL REPUBLICAN PARTY OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
(PASORE); ECUADOR -- NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BUSINESSMEN, NATIONAL
INSTITUTE FOR DISPUTE RESOLUTION, RESOURCES FOR ACTION; EL SALVADOR --
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PRIVATE ENTERPRISE, INSTITUTE FOR CENTRAL AMERICAN
STUDIES; GRENADA -- GRENADA CIVIC AWARENESS ORGANIZATION (GCAO); GUATEMALA
-- ACADEMY FOR LIBERTY AND JUSTICE; MEXICO -- DEMOS PAZ, COUNCIL FOR
DEMOCRACY, ASSOCIATION OF CIVIC GROUPS FOR DEMOCRACY, FRENTE CIVICO
POTOSINO; NICARAGUA -- NICARAGUAN DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE (INDE), NICARAGUAN
DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION (FUNDE), SUPERIOR COUNCIL OF PRIVATE ENTERPRISE
(COSEP), RADIO DARIO, CENTER FOR YOUTH FORMATION (CEFOJ),
CONCIENCIA-NICARAGUA (FORMERLY MOVIMIENTO DE MUJERES NICARAGUENSES), VIA
CIVICA, GRUPO FUNDEMOS; PANAMA -- CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY, NATIONAL CIVIC
CRUSADE FOUNDATION OF PANAMA; PARAGUAY -- PARAGUAYAN FOUNDATION FOR
COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT, MUJERES POR LA DEMOCRACIA (PARAGUAYAN WOMEN
FOR DEMOCRACY), UNITARY CONFEDERATION OF WORKERS, CENTER FOR DEMOCRATIC
STUDIES; URUGUAY -- CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS;
REGIONAL -- AMERICA'S FUND FOR INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITIES, FUNDACION SIMON
BOLIVAR IN COLUMBIA, FUNDACION AMERICA PARA LA CAPACITACION POLITICA,
INTER-AMERICAN DIALOGUE OF THE ASPEN INSTITUTE TO SUPPORT "DEMOCRATIC
GOVERNANCE IN THE AMERICAS," PARTICIPA, AND, THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE
FOR WOMEN'S POLITICAL LEADERSHIP. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL
REPORTS 1992 67 78
ORG, OPS
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA TASK-FORCE ESTABLISHED TO OVERTURN ARBENZ GVT.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 110
OVERTHROW
53-61 DULLES'S MARK AS DCI CAN BE SEEN IN NUMBER OF OPS, BOTH SUCCESSFUL
- IRAN 53; COSTA RICA, 53; GUATEMALA, 54 - AND UNSUCCESSFUL - INDONESIA 58;
TIBET 58; CUBA 60-61. EACH OP FOLLOWED FAMILIAR PATTERN - REMOVAL OR
ATTEMPTED REMOVAL OF A GVT DEEMED INIMICAL TO U.S. INTERESTS AND ITS
REPLACEMENT BY ONE THAT MORE FRIENDLY. LOWENTHAL, M. (1992). THE WASHINGTON
PAPERS. U.S.INTELLIGENCE EVOLUTION AND ANATOMY 26
GUATEMALA, 51-52 OPERATION FORTUNE AUTHORIZED BY TRUMAN, A SCHEME TO SEND
WEAPONRY IN A UNITED FRUIT SHIP TO ANASTASIO SOMOZA OF NICARAGUA TO USE IN
GUATEMALA. OP CANCELLED BY INTERVENTION DAVID BRUCE OF STATE DEPT. IN 52
OPC APPROACHED OFFICERS IN GUATEMALAN ARMY AND SMUGGLED IN SMALL ARMS PLUS
$64,000 FROM UNITED FRUIT. ON 3/23/93, 200 MEN ATTACKED SALAMA AND HELD IT
BRIEFLY BEFORE DEFEATED BY ARMY. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 339
GUATEMALA, 52 OPERATION FORTUNE WAS LAUNCHED IN FALL OF 1952 WITH
INTENTION OF ARMING CASTILLO ARMAS WHO WAS IN HONDURAS. NICARAGUA'S SOMOZA
HAD CONVINCED TRUMAN'S MILITARY AIDE, COL MARA, THAT ARMA COULD OVERTHROW
ARBENZ. THIS DESPITE CIA REPORTS IN JUNE INDICATING SKEPTICISM OF ARMAS'
CLAIMS. CIA NOTED ARMY DEFECTION WOULD BE CRUCIAL FOR OPERATION SUCCESS AND
THERE WAS NO INDICATION THAT ARMY WOULD DEFECT. YET CIA DIRECTOR WALTER
SMITH ORDERED DIRECTORATE OF OPERATIONS TO PROCEED WITH PLAN. OPERATION WAS
HALTED WHEN SEC. ACHESON LEARNED OF PLAN. UNITED FRUIT FREIGHTER CARRYING
ARMS WAS DIVERTED TO PANAMA WHERE ARMS WERE UNLOADED. GLIEJESES, P. (1991).
SHATTERED HOPE 229-231
GUATEMALA, 54 ARBENZ RESIGNED ON THE 27TH. CASTILLO ARMAS FLOWN INTO
CAPITAL. PHILLIPS, D.A. (1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 48
GUATEMALA, 54 ARTICLE BY FREDERICK MARKS, THE CIA AND CASTILLO ARMAS IN
GUATEMALA, 1954: NEW CLUES TO AN OLD PUZZLE. *DIPLOMATIC HISTORY WINTER 90
67 (20 PAGES)
GUATEMALA, 54 BROADCASTS OF THE VOL ONE SEGMENT OF COMPLEX OP. ARMAS AND
HIS MOTLEY BAND DID "INVADE." THE DARING LOW-LEVEL RAIDS BY THE AIR FORCE,
AND AMBASSADOR PUERIFOY ACTIONS IN MEETING WITH GUATEMALANS AND BLUNTLY
TELLING THEM OF U.S. CONCERN ABOUT ARBENZ'S ALLIANCE WITH MOSCOW. BUT
PROPAGANDA OP OF VOL DECISIVE. PHILLIPS, D.A. (1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 52-3
GUATEMALA, 54 FOR THE OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ CASTILLO ARMAS WOULD HAVE B-26
BOMBERS AND CARGO AND FIGHTER PLANES, A FEW TO BE FLOWN BY GUATEMALANS, BUT
MOST BY FOREIGN MERCENARIES. THERE WOULD BE A STAGING AREA FROM A
NEIGHBORING COUNTRY, A REBEL CLANDESTINE RADIO STATION, WHICH WOULD PRETEND
TO BROADCAST FROM WITHIN GUATEMALA AND A TEAM OF RADIO TECHNICIANS, WRITERS
AND ANNOUNCERS. PHILLIPS, D.A. (1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 36
GUATEMALA, 54 ITEM BY STEPHEN RABE, THE CLUES DIDN'T CHECK OUT:
COMMENTARY ON "THE CIA AND CASTILLO ARMAS." *DIPLOMATIC HISTORY WINTER 90
87 (9 PAGES)
GUATEMALA, 54 KEY EVENT IN PRES. ARBENZ'S DECISION TO RESIGN OCCURRED AT
ZACAPA ON 25 JUN 54 WHEN ARMY REFUSED TO CRUSH ARMAS' REBELS. WHILE ARMY
COULD HAVE EASILY DEFEATED THEM, OFFICERS SAID THEY FEARED U.S. MILITARY
ACTION AGAINST THEM IF ARMAS SHOULD FAIL. ARBENZ ALSO FEARED U.S.
INTERVENTION CHOOSING NOT TO STOP ARMAS AT BORDER FOR FEAR OF CREATING
BORDER INCIDENT WITH HONDURAS. ARMAS' FORCES, INCLUDING CIA AIR FORCE AND
RADIO PROPAGANDA, WERE LARGELY INEFFECTIVE - BOTH MILITARILY AND
PSYCHOLOGICALLY - AGAINST GUATEMALAN ARMY. IT WAS WELL AWARE OF HOW SMALL
ARMAS' FORCES WERE. WHAT OFFICERS FEARED MOST WAS U.S. RETALIATION SHOULD
ARMAS BE DEFEATED. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 324,338-341
GUATEMALA, 54 ON D-DAY, THE 18TH OF JUNE 54 VOL ANNOUNCED THAT COL.
CASTILLO ARMAS AND HIS TROOPS HAD INVADED. SEVERAL TRUCKS HAD CROSSED
BORDER WITHOUT OPPOSITION. THE VOL REFERRED TO AN ARMY OF 5,000. B-26
BOMBERS AND WWII FIGHTERS BEGAN FLYING NOISY MISSIONS. THEY MADE LOW-LEVEL
STRAFFING RUNS. ONE BLEW UP AN OIL TANK THAT BURNING COULD BE SEEN FOR
MILES. USED VOL TO SNUGGLE UP TO GENUINE STATION. ON 25TH JUNE A BOMB
DROPPED ON GUATEMALA CITY. PHILLIPS, D.A. (1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 45-8
GUATEMALA, 54 STORY OF THE OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ. TULLY, A. (1962). CIA:
THE INSIDE STORY 54-60
GUATEMALA, 82 CIA ORGANIZES MILITARY COUP TO OVERTHROW GVT OF ANGEL
ANIBAL GUEVARA. SUCCESSFUL. HARPERS, 4/84 P20
BRAZIL, GUYANA, GUATEMALA. ORIT ENDORSED OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ IN GUATEMALA
AND OF GOULART IN BRAZIL. IT SUPPORTED BURNHAM OVER CHEDDI JAGAN GUYANA AND
APPROVED U.S. INTERVENTION DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. ORIT AN ARM OF CIA. FRAZIER,
H. (ED). (1978). UNCLOAKING THE CIA 233-5
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA LAUNCHED CLANDESTINE RADIO CAMPAIGN 7 WEEKS BEFORE
INVASION. TRAINED 3 GUATEMALANS AT OPA-LOCKA IN CLASSIC DISINFORMATION.
STATION CALLED VOICE OF LIBERATION. THEME OF BROADCASTS WAS ARBENZ SECRETLY
PLANNING TO DISBAND ARMED FORCES AND REPLACE THEM WITH PEOPLES MILITIA. CIA
LEAFLETS CARRIED SAME MESSAGE. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER
FRUIT 168
GUATEMALA, 54 OP NAMED "FORTUNE". CIA USED SHIPS OF UNITED FRUIT TO
CARRY ARMS TO EXILES IN NICARAGUA. RANELAGH, J. (1986). THE AGENCY 264-268
GUATEMALA, 54 OVERTURN ARBENZ GVT SUSTAINED BY A RADIO BARRAGE FROM
NEARBY CIA STATIONS, ESPECIALLY ON SWAN ISLAND. ALLEN DULLES NOTED "ENTIRE
EFFORT DEPENDENT ON PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT RATHER THAN ACTUAL MILITARY
STRENGTH...USE OF SMALL NUMBER AIRPLANES AND RADIO DESIGNED GIVE IMPRESSION
OF ARMAS' STRENGTH AS WELL AS REGIME'S WEAKNESS." HIGGINS, T. (1987). THE
PERFECT FAILURE 30-1
GUATEMALA, 54 PLAN ONE PART MILITARY ACTION AND NINE PARTS PROPAGANDA
AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE. POWERS, T. (1979). THE MAN WHO KEPT THE SECRETS
86-8
GUATEMALA, 54 PRADOS, J. (1986). PRESIDENTS' SECRET WARS 99-107
GUATEMALA, 63 SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 244
GUATEMALA, 54 CARDINAL SPELLMAN ARRANGED CIA CONTACT BETWEEN A SENIOR
CHURCHMAN SO THE CIA COULD COORDINATE HIS EFFORTS WITH THE OVERTHROW OP.
ANTI-ARBENZ AND ANTI-COMMUNIST PASTORAL LETTERS WERE GIVEN WIDE
DISTRIBUTION IN L.A. PRESS. AND THOUSANDS OF LEAFLETS CARRYING THE PASTORAL
LETTERS WERE AIR-DROPPED INTO REMOTE AREAS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER
99
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA INSTALLED IN EMBASSY SECRET COMMO EQUIPMENT WHICH
TURNED INTO RADIO STATION AND A JAMMING DEVICE TO OBSTRUCT RADIO BROADCASTS
AND AN AMPLIFIER TO SCARE WITH BOMBING SOUNDS. IN ADD. CASH USED TO
ENCOURAGE MILITARY DEFECTIONS, LEAKS OF INFO AND GVT INTRIGUES.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 139
GUATEMALA, 54 DETAILS OF THE OVERTHROW OP IN NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN
AMERICA) 2/83 P4-6
GUATEMALA, 54 IN 51 ARBENZ ELECTED. 2% PEOPLE OWNED 70% OF LAND. UNITED
FRUIT EXPLOITED WORKFORCE. IN 3/53 CIA BACKED RIGHT WINGERS WITH MONEY AND
ARMS, BUT UPRISING FAILED. 5/54 CIA USED CZECH SHIPMENT OF ARMS AS PRETEXT.
PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN MOUNTED IN LATIN AMERICAN PRESS THAT ARBENZ A
COMMUNIST. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). KGB/CIA 56-7
GUATEMALA, 54 THE FIELD HQS FOR THE GUATEMALAN OP WAS A TWO-STORY
BARRACKS AT THE MARINE AIR BASE AT OPA LOCKA, FLORIDA. HUNT, H.J. (1974).
UNDERCOVER 98
GUATEMALA, 54 THE OVERTHROW OF THE GVT EMPLOYED PROPAGANDA AND THE
PRE-RECORDING OF TERROR BROADCASTS FOR D-DAY USE OVER THE GUATEMALAN
NATIONAL RADIO FREQUENCY. CIA HAD A CADRE OF GUATEMALAN NEWSPAPERMEN WHO
WERE TURNED INTO PROPAGANDISTS. THEY PREPARED NEWSPAPER ARTICLES, PAMPHLETS
AND LEAFLETS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER 98
GUATEMALA, 63 IN JAN 63 PRES. KENNEDY APPROVED AN ARMY PLOT TO OVERTHROW
YDIGORAS. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P7
GUATEMALA, IRAN, 53-54 FROM OPA-LOCKA FLORIDA CIA RUNNING AIRLIFTS TO
HONDURAS WHERE CASTILLO ARMAS SMALL BAND, NEVER MORE THAN 140 MEN, WERE
BEING TRAINED. IN ONE RESPECT CIA PLANNED TO DUPLICATE THE TECHNIQUE USED
IN IRAN: PSYCHOLOGICALLY PREPARING THE MINDS OF THE TARGET GVT AND PEOPLE,
THEN A SUDDEN SHOW OF APPARENTLY MASSIVE FORCE. A CIA STAFF OFFICER,
DOCUMENTED AND DISGUISED AS A EUROPEAN BUSINESSMAN ACHIEVED THE DEFECTION
OF A SENIOR OFFICER ON ARBENZ'S STAFF. THRU HIM HAD UP-TO-MINUTE INTEL.
AFTER WARNING THE PEOPLE, FIGHTER AIRCRAFT MADE LOW LEVEL STRAFFING RUNS ON
GUATEMALA CITY AND DROPPED RELATIVELY HARMLESS SMOKE BOMBS. FROM HONDURAS A
POWERFUL TRANSMITTER OVERRODE THE NATIONAL RADIO, BROADCASTING MESSAGES TO
CONFUSE AND DIVIDE THE POPULATION. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER 99-100
LATIN AMERICA. IN POST WWII ERA U.S. HAS OVERTHROWN MOST REFORMIST AND
REVOLUTIONARY GVTS IN L.A. U.S. MILITARY AND CIA ROLES TOOK VARIED FORMS
GUATEMALA (PROXY ARMY), BRAZIL (MILITARY COUP), DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (COMBAT
TROOPS), BOLIVIA (SPECIAL FORCES AND CIA) CHILE (MILITARY COUP), JAMAICA
(TERRORISM, ELECTORAL COUP). Z 3/89 P48
OPERATIONS, 53-64 PAST 25 YEARS CIA INVOLVED PLOTS OVERTHROW GVTS OF
IRAN, THE SUDAN, SYRIA, GUATEMALA, ECUADOR, GUYANA, ZAIRE, GHANA, GREECE,
INDONESIA, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, ETC. AGEE, P. (1975). INSIDE THE COMPANY:
CIA DIARY ix
OVERVIEW OF C.A. SINCE WWII. PARAMILITARY OPS: BAY OF PIGS CUBA, 61 -
ATTEMPTS TO OVERTHROW COMMUNIST REGIMES IN ALBANIA, POLAND, AND THE SOVIET
UKRAINE - ALL FAILED. OVERTHROW OF GVT OF ARBENZ IN GUATEMALA IN 54 IN
63 CIA SUCCESSFUL IN OP TO OVERTHROW JUAN BOSH IN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AND
CARLOS AROSEMENA IN ECUADOR. OP TO SUPPORT REVOLT AGAINST PRESIDENT SUKARNO
OF INDONESIA IN 58 FAILED. TWENTIETH CENTURY FUND. (1992). THE NEED TO
KNOW: COVERT ACTION AND AMERICAN DEMOCRACY 81-2
PARAMILITARY
CUBA, GUATEMALA, 60 TRAX BASE CAMP A MILITARY TRAINING CAMP IN GUATEMALA
FOR BAY OF PIGS OP. IT A REAL MILITARY TRAINING CAMP. THIS 2506 BRIGADE.
INSTRUCTORS MOSTLY FOREIGNERS LED BY U.S.-TRAINED FILIPINO NAPOLEON
VALERIANO CODE-NAMED EL CHINO VALLEJO. VALERIANO A WEST POINT GRADUATE.
FOUGHT HUKS IN PHILIPPINES. UKRAINIANS AND OTHER EUROPEANS USED AS
INSTRUCTORS. TRAINED WITH ASSORTED WEAPONS. GIVEN BASIC PARATROOPER
TRAINING. SHW 54. 2506 BRIGADE USED CONCEPT OF 5-MAN GREY TEAMS BASED ON
VALERIANO'S OP IN PHILIPPINES. SHW 59. WHEN KENNEDY ELECTED PRESIDENT,
VALERIANO REASSIGNED. RODRIGUEZ, F.I., & WEISMAN, J. (1989). SHADOW
WARRIOR 62
CUBA, PANAMA. CIA'S 2506 BRIGADE MOVED FROM GUATEMALA TO PANAMA FOR FINAL
TRAINING FOR BAY OF PIGS. RODRIGUEZ, F.I., & WEISMAN, J. (1989). SHADOW
WARRIOR 64
GUATEMALA, 53 WORKING WITH UNITED FRUIT CIA-ARMED RIGHT-WING OFFICERS OF
GUATEMALAN ARMY. 200 RAIDERS SEIZED SALAMA AND HELD IT FOR 17 HOURS. GVT
KILLED FOUR. REBELS QUICKLY REVEALED AS UNITED FRUIT PLOT, THOUGH NOT
CIA'S. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 103
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA FUNDED 20 MILLION TO OVERTHROW GVT. ORG. GUERRILLA
ARMY, SECRET AIR FORCE, SECRET RADIO STATIONS, ETC. RANELAGH, J. (1986).
THE AGENCY 266
GUATEMALA, 68 ADVISORS SENT TO GUATEMALA TO WORK WITH MILITARY AND
PARAMILITARY FORCES TO DESIGN BLOODY, EFFECTIVE REPRESSION OF INSURGENCY.
DICKEY, C. (1985). WITH THE CONTRAS 85
HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, 81 IN AUG 81, CIA FLEW COL ENRIQUE BERMUDEZ (SEE
COMDO 61-64 FOR BACKGROUND), HEAD OF LEGION 15 AND TWO OTHER SOMOCISTA
EXILE GROUPS TO GUATEMALA CITY WHERE THEY AGREED TO JOIN FORCES. SOME
WANTED TO CALL FORCE THE NICARAGUAN NATIONAL GUARD IN ORDER TO PRESERVE THE
NAME, BUT CIA INSISTED ON NICARAGUAN DEMOCRATIC FORCE OR FDN. DILLON, S.
(1991). COMMANDOS 65
OVER YEARS CIA SPECIAL OPS HAVE SPONSORED INSURGENTS IN UKRAINE, POLAND,
ALBANIA, HUNGARY, INDONESIA, CHINA, OMAN, MALAYSIA (SIC), IRAQ, DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC, GREECE, TURKEY, VIETNAM, AFGHANISTAN, ANGOLA, NICARAGUA,
VENEZUELA, NORTH KOREA, BOLIVIA, THAILAND, HAITI, GUATEMALA. JOHNSON, L.K.
(1989). AMERICA'S SECRET POWER 26
PERSONNEL
BACKGROUND ON INCOMING DCI, R. JAMES WOOLSEY. HE ANOTHER SIGN THAT INSIDERS
STILL RULE AND THAT CONSERVATIVE DEMOCRATS ARE WELCOME IN CLINTON ADM. HE
WENT TO LAW SCHOOL AT YALE AND WORKED BRIEFLY AT WARREN CHRISTOPHER'S LAW
FIRM, SERVED AS PENTAGON ANALYST IN 60s, AND A MEMBER OF NSC UNDER
KISSINGER - LATER WAS COUNSEL FOR SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE. IN
CARTER ADM, HE UNDERSECRETARY OF NAVY. HE ON PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSIONS - ONE
THAT SUPPORTED PRODUCTION OF MX MISSILE. HE IN OP-ED PIECES OFTEN SHARED A
BYLINE WITH BRENT SCOWCROFT. HE WITH OTHERS TRIED TO MOVE DEMOCRATIC PARTY
TO RIGHT - ONE SUCH OTHER WAS DAVID MCCURDY, CURRENT CHAIRMAN OF THE HOUSE
INTEL COMMITTEE. HE PARTICIPATED IN SECRET WAR GAMES STAGED BY CENTER FOR
STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES. HE ALSO A PARTNER AT SHEA AND GARDNER,
AN INFLUENTIAL LAW FIRM. HE WAS REGISTERED AS A FOREIGN AGENT FOR, INTER
ALIA, BOLIVIA, ECUADOR, GUATEMALA, PARAGUAY AND VENEZUELA. AS A LAWYER HE
REPRESENTED CHARLES ALLEN AND MICHAEL LEDEEN [OF CONTRAGATE FAME]. WOOLSEY
IS THE WRONG MAN TO REFORM THE CIA. THE NATION 1/18/93 39-40
BIO OF EVERETT HOWARD HUNT. IN 50 OPENED STATION IN MEXICO. OP TO EMBARRASS
USSR BY PACKING BANQUET IN HONOR OF SOVIETS. BECAME CHIEF BALKAN OPS -
ALBANIA, YUGOSLAVIA, GREECE, BULGARIA AND ROMANIA. ALL OPS CARRIED OUT FROM
GREECE'S BORDER. HE ASSIGNED BACK TO WESTERN HEMISPHERE DIV AS CHIEF OF
PROPAGANDA AND POLITICAL ACTION. FOR OVERTHROW OF GUATEMALA'S GOVERNMETNT.
HE LATER HUNT REASSIGNED TO TO JAPAN AS CHIEF OF COVERT OPS FOR NORTH ASIA
COMMAND UNDER GENERAL MATHEW RIDGEWAY'S FAR EAST COMMAND. IN 56 HE NAMED
COS MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY. IN BAY OF PIGS OP AGAINST CUBA HUNT KNOWN AS
"EDUARDO." HE THEN GIVEN MINOR POLITICAL ASSIGNMENT MADRID, SPAIN. HE GIVEN
EARLY RETIREMENT IN 70. HE INVOLVED IN WATERGATE. PEN NAMES WERE ROBERT
DIETRICH, JOHN BAXTER, GORDON DAVIS, AND DAVID ST JOHN. MINNICK, W. (1992).
SPIES AND PROVACATEURS 105
CUBA, GUATEMALA, 60 TRAX BASE CAMP A MILITARY TRAINING CAMP IN GUATEMALA
FOR BAY OF PIGS OP. IT A REAL MILITARY TRAINING CAMP. THIS 2506 BRIGADE.
INSTRUCTORS MOSTLY FOREIGNERS LED BY U.S.-TRAINED FILIPINO NAPOLEON
VALERIANO CODE-NAMED EL CHINO VALLEJO. VALERIANO A WEST POINT GRADUATE.
FOUGHT HUKS IN PHILIPPINES. UKRAINIANS AND OTHER EUROPEANS USED AS
INSTRUCTORS. TRAINED WITH ASSORTED WEAPONS. GIVEN BASIC PARATROOPER
TRAINING. RODRIGUEZ, F.I., & WEISMAN, J. (1989). SHADOW WARRIOR 54
GUATEMALA. BIRCH O'NEAL - A FORMER STATION CHIEF IN GUATEMALA, REPORTEDLY
TOLD THE FBI AFTER KENNEDY'S ASSASSINATION THAT THERE WAS NO CIA-GENERATED
MATERIAL IN CIA FILE REGARDING OSWALD. SCOTT, P.D. (1977/92). CRIME AND
COVER-UP 12
GUATEMALA. PHILIP ROETTINGER, A CIA AGENT WHO HELPED OVERTHROW THE ARBENZ
GVT IN 54 DECRIES THE ACTS OF THE CIA IN THAT OVERTHROW. THE PROGRESSIVE
7/86 P50
GUATEMALA, 54-60 THE STORY OF CIA DISSIDENT PHILIP C. ROETTINGER RE THE
GUATEMALAN COUP. L.A. TIMES 3/16/86
GUATEMALA, 54 BIRCH O'NEIL WAS COS GUATEMALA IN 1954. GLIEJESES, P.
(1991). SHATTERED HOPE 254
USIP, MEMBER, BOARD OF DIRECTORS, ALLEN WEINSTEIN, HISTORY PROFESSOR AT
BOSTON UNIVERSITY, WAS FIRST ACTING DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR
DEMOCRACY. UNDER AUSPICES OF HIS WASHINGTON-BASED CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY,
WEINSTEIN PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN U.S. ELECTORAL INTERVENTION STRATEGY. IN 86
WEINSTEN LED A TEAM OF U.S. OBSERVERS TO PHILIPPINES TO PRESSURE MARCOS
REGIME REGARDING VOTE FRAUD AND PAVE WAY FOR TRANSITION TO CORY AQUINO'S
RULE. SUBSEQUENTLY, CENTER FOR DEMOCRACY WAS A TOP NED CONDUIT TO U.S.
BACKED UNO COALITION IN NICARAGUA. AT ABOUT THAT TIME, CENTER CONTRACTED
WITH AID TO TRAIN SELECTED GUATEMALAN POLITICAL LEADERS IN "DEMOCRATIC"
PROCEDURES. Z SUMMER 90 112
POLICE
BOLIVIA. OPS AND AID SENT TRAINEES TO INTERNATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY D.C.
INSTRUCTORS OFTEN CIA OFFICERS UNDER COVER. BY 70 30,000 GUATEMALAN
POLICE RCVD CIA/OPS TRAINING. BLUM, W. (1986). THE CIA A FORGOTTEN HISTORY
267
CENTRAL AMERICA, FUNDING 85 SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS CMTTEE APPROVED 22
MILLION AID PROGRAM FOR POLICE FORCES IN 4 CENTRAL AMERICAN NATIONS.
PROGRAM WOULD PROVIDE $21 MILLION IN EQUIPMENT AND TRG IN COUNTERTERRORISM
TECHNIQUES TO EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, COSTA RICA AND GUATEMALA. 1 MILLION
FOR A REGIONAL WITNESS PROTECTION FUND. FUNDING BASED ON PRESIDENTIAL
FINDING RE HUMAN RIGHTS. WASHINGTON POST 12/6/85 A 35
GUATEMALA, 50-72 IN OCT 66 ARANA (WITH INCREASING AMOUNTS OF U.S.
MILITARY AND POLICE AID TO GUATEMALA) WAS USING QUASI-MILITARY TERRORIST
UNITS IN GUERRILLA ZONES. IN COORDINATION WITH ARMY AND POLICE INTEL
APPARATUS, PM GROUPS WERE USED TO ROOT OUT GUERRILLA SYMPATHIZERS. JONES,
S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA 196
GUATEMALA, 63 U.S.HELPED INCREASE SIZE OF NATIONAL POLICE FROM 3,000 TO
11,000 MEN. BY 1970 OVER 30,000 GUATEMALAN POLICE BENEFITTED FROM OPS TRG.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 247, 251
GUATEMALA. CIA DIRECTED TRAINING IN U.S. OF GUATEMALAN POLICE THRU OFFICE
OF PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAMS. TRAINING INCLUDED INSTRUCTION IN POLICE INTEL,
CI INTEL, PLANNING FOR RIOT CONTROL, TARGETS OF INSURGENCY, CHEMICAL
MUNITIONS, EXPLOSIVES AND DEMOLITIONS, PLANNING FOR RIOT CONTROL, AND MOB
PSYCHOLOGY. COUNTERSPY 1/81 54
GUATEMALA, 54-77 FROM 54 TO THE CARTER ADM THE US WOULD TRAIN, FINANCE
AND OVERHAUL THE GUATEMALAN ARMY AND SECURITY FORCES. FROM 50-57 17.8
MILLION FOR FOREIGN MILITARY SALES (FMS), 16.1 MILLION FOR MILITARY
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS (MAP) AND 6.5. MILLION FOR INTERNATIONAL MILITARY
EDUCATION AND TRAINING (IMET). UNDER IMET 3,073 CADETS PASSED THRU U.S.
TRAINING. AN ADD 4.4 MILLION IN POLICE TRAINING AND SUPPLIES UNDER OFFICE
OF PUBLIC SAFETY PROGRAM. OVER ALL U.S. SPENT 45 MILLION ON MILITARY
MACHINE. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 P7
HAITI, GUATEMALA, 87-94 OP-ED BY PHILIP HEYMANN. FOR 3 YEARS I LED EFFORT
FUNDED BY AID TO CREATE LAW ENFORCEMENT IN GUATEMALA WHOSE POLICE AND ARMED
FORCES AT ODDS WITH PEOPLE. MILITARY CONTROLLED POLICE MANY "DISAPPEARED"
OPS. I TERMINATED HARVARD PROJECT IN 90 WHEN 10 STUDENTS WERE
"DISAPPEARED." IN 9/94 CATHOLIC CHURCH REPORTED 257 SUMMARY EXECUTIONS IN
GUATEMALA THIS YEAR. TRAINING BY ICITAP - DEPT JUSTICE ORG NOW UNDERTAKING
TRAINING OF POLICE IN HAITI - OR BY PROSECUTORS WORKING WITH HARVARD LAW
SCHOOL PROJECT COULD NOT HAVE ANY EFFECT ON VIOLENCE. RESULTS DIFFERENT IN
SOUTH AFRICA DUE TO CHANGES IN POLITICS IN THAT COUNTRY. RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR HAITI. WASHINGTON POST 9/27/94 A21
THE CIA'S INTERNATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY (IPA) TRAINED POLICE FROM CHILE,
NICARAGUA, PANAMA, GUATEMALA, MEXICO, BRAZIL, THE PHILIPPINES, HONG KONG,
BELIZE (THEN BRITISH HONDURAS), KOREA, PARAGUAY, PERU, IRAN AND URUGUAY.
ATTENDEES OF "TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION COURSE" TRAINED IN D.C. AND TOOK
FIELDWORK AT THE BORDER PATROL ACADEMY IN LOS FRESNOS, TEXAS. IPA FOUNDED
BY A.I.D.. DAMAGING PUBLICITY FORCED THE ACADEMY TO CLOSE. IPA EARNED THE
REPUTATION OF THE "SCHOOL FOR TORTURERS." THE U.S. CONTINUED TO TRAIN
FOREIGN POLICE BY 68 FUNDING THE BRAZILIAN FEDERAL POLICE ACADEMY WHICH
TRAINED CHILE'S DINA AGENTS, WHO IN TURN INSTRUCTED ANTI-CASTRO CUBANS
LIVING IN COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, AND NICARAGUA. OTHER SKILLS TAUGHT BY THE
CIA INCLUDE AGENT RECRUITMENT AND HANDLING, PHYSICAL AND ELECTRONIC
SURVEILLANCE, SURREPTITIOUS ENTRY, METHODS OF INFILTRATION, AND
ASSASSINATION AND TORTURE TECHNIQUES. HOUSE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE
REPORT 4/3/85 FN P137
POLICY
GUATEMALA, 80-92 THE DEATHS IN GUATEMALA. ARTICLE "OUR GUYS IN
GUATEMALA." THE PROGRESSIVE 3/92 26-29
GUATEMALA, 91 PRES SERRANO REFUSED RENEWAL U.S. MILITARY AID WHICH WAS
CUT OFF TO PROTEST GUATEMALA'S HUMAN RIGHTS RECORD. U.S. OFFERED $100,000
AND A HUMAN RIGHTS CHECKLIST. ON 12/21/ 90 3 WEEKS BEFORE THEN PRES CEREZO
TO HAND OVER POWER, BUSH ADM CUT OFF 2.8 MILLION IN MILITARY ASST BECAUSE
OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS. WASHINGTON POST 2/9/91 A12
GUATEMALA, 92 A REVIEW OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN GUATEMALA. GUATEMALAN HUMAN
RIGHTS COMMISSION SPRING 3/93
GUATEMALA, 93 PROGRESS REPORTED IN GUATEMALAN TALKS. REBELS, GVT WELCOME
U.S. ROLE IN EFFORT TO END LONG-RUNNING CIVIL WAR. WASHINGTON POST 3/17/93
A28
GUATEMALA, 93 U.S. ROLE IN SERRANO OUSTER QUESTIONED. U.S. APPEARED
INSTRUMENTAL IN PROMPTING THE MILITARY TO OUST THE USURPING SERRANO -
WASHINGTON'S ACTIONS COUNTERPRODUCTIVE IN PROMOTING DEMOCRACY IN LONG RUN.
U.S. PRESSURE TENDED TO REINFORCE MILITARY AND BUSINESS-DOMINATED POLITICAL
SYSTEM. WASHINGTON POST 6/5/93 A18
THE U.S. RESPONSE TO HUMANITARIAN CRISES - DURING WWII AND JEWISH
IMMIGRATION - BIAFRA - BANGLADESH - BURUNDI - CAMBODIA - INDONESIA -
GUATEMALA (54) - UGANDA - ETC. Z MAG 9/91 36-7
PROCEDURES
53-93 CIA RELEASED THOUSANDS FILES ON KENNEDY ASSASSINATION, NEXT YEAR TO
RELEASE FILES ON BOTCHED BAY OF PIGS OP; ON 53 COUP IN IRAN; ON 54 COUP IN
GUATEMALA. CIA TO OPENLY PUBLISH "STUDIES IN INTELLIGENCE." A FORTHCOMING
SERIES OF REPORTS ON USSR THREAT IN 50s WHOSE PUBLICATION MAY SETTLE
ARGUMENT WHETHER THREAT WAS INFLATED BY CIA OR ITS POLITICAL OVERSEERS. IN
85 DCI CASEY CREATED A HISTORICAL REVIEW PROGRAM TO DECLASSIFY AND RELEASE
CIA'S OLDEST RECORDS. DAVID D. GRIES DIRECTS CIA'S CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF
INTEL AND OVERSEES ITS IMMENSE ARCHIVES. HE WROTE IN "ORBIS" RE GREATER
OPENNESS. NEW YORK TIMES 8/29/93 OP-ED BY TIM WEINER
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA BROUGHT CASTILLO ARMAS IN TO U.S. BLACK TO MEET J.C.
KING. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 126
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA WORKED OUT SECRET COMMUNICATION CHANNEL WITH PEURIFOY.
CALLED BACK-CHANNEL. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT
135
SHEEP-DIPPING. GUATEMALA SHEEP-DIPPED AIR FORCE PERSONNEL BOMBED REBEL HQS
TO SAVE YDIGORAS GVT. PROUTY, L.F. (1973). THE SECRET TEAM 41
USSR, 47-93 CIA DECLASSIFIES PRE-1960 SOVIET STUDIES. CIA ANNOUNCED IT
HAS DECLASSIFIED VIRTUALLY ALL ITS MAJOR STUDIES OF THE USSR PRIOR TO 60
AND SENT THEM TO NATIONAL ARCHIVES WHERE THEY AVAILABLE TO PUBLIC. 277
NIEs. THIS OPENING SALVO TO REDUCE COLD WAR IMAGE. CIA TO RELEASE
ADDITIONAL USSR-RELATED STUDIES FROM 60s-70s, AS WELL AS MAJOR CHUNKS OF
ITS INFO ON BAY OF PIGS INVASION OF CUBA, 53 OVERTHROW OF MOSSADEGH OF
IRAN, AND 54 OVERTHROW OF GUATEMALA'S ARBENZ. BY LATE 94, CIA TO HAVE
COMPLETED DECLASSIFICATION OF ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF USSR NUCLEAR WEAPONS
PROGRAM FROM 40s TO 84. NIEs MAKE CLEAR USSR WAS OBSESSION OF CIA FROM ITS
CREATION AND THE COLD WAR SERVED AS A PRISM THROUGH WHICH EVENTS FROM
ELECTIONS IN BOLIVIA TO PARTITION OF PALESTINE - WERE INTERPRETED. ONE OF
DOCS ON NORTH KOREA JUST SIX DAYS BEFORE INVASION OF S. KOREA, SHOWS CIA
DID NOT PREDICT ATTACK. CIA ALSO WRONGLY FORECAST APPOINTMENT OF MALENKOV
INSTEAD OF KHRUSHCHEV AS STALIN'S SUCCESSOR. CIA CORRECTLY PREDICTED USSR
WOULD NOT INTERVENE DURING MIDDLE EAST CRISIS IN 56. WASHINGTON POST
10/1/93 A45
PROPAGANDA
CHILE 61-73 OF 30 ODD COVERT ACTION PROJECTS IN CHILE BETWEEN 61 AND 74,
PROPAGANDA PRINCIPAL ELEMENT OF 6 AND IMPT PART OF MANY OTHERS. OVERTHROW
OF ARBENZ IN GUATEMALA MORE A PROPAGANDA SUCCESS. IN ANGOLA IN 75-76 CIA
PLANTED ARTICLES IN TWO MAIN PAPERS IN ZAIRE AND ZAMBIA. TREVERTON, G.
(1987). COVERT ACTION 15
GUATEMALA, 53-54 IN 53 USIS PRESENTED A DOCUMENT TO THE OPS COORDINATING
BOARD THAT SAYS USIA HELPED WITH THE PREPARATION AND PLACEMENT OF
UNATTRIBUTED ARTICLES LABELING GUATEMALAN GVT FIGURES AS COMMUNISTS. THESE
WERE PLANTED IN A CHILEAN NEWSPAPER AND LATER REPRINTED IN SELECTED OTHER
COUNTRIES WITH CHILEAN ATTRIBUTION. WORKED IN COORDINATION WITH DOS AND
CIA. THE NATION 10/28/78 P440
GUATEMALA, 54 OVERTURN ARBENZ GVT SUSTAINED BY A RADIO BARRAGE FROM
NEARBY CIA STATIONS, ESPECIALLY ON SWAN ISLAND. ALLEN DULLES NOTED "ENTIRE
EFFORT DEPENDENT ON PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT RATHER THAN ACTUAL MILITARY
STRENGTH...USE OF SMALL NUMBER AIRPLANES AND RADIO DESIGNED GIVE IMPRESSION
OF ARMAS' STRENGTH AS WELL AS REGIME'S WEAKNESS." HIGGINS, T. (1987). THE
PERFECT FAILURE 30-1
GUATEMALA, 54 COMBINED EFFECT OF PROPAGANDA BROADCASTS FROM CIA
TRANSMITTERS IN HONDURAS - THE VOICE OF LIBERATION - EFFECTIVE. ARBENZ
GROUNDED AIR FORCE BECAUSE OF CIA-CAUSED DEFECTION OF AN AIR FORCE OFFICER.
6/18/54 ARMAS WITH A SMALL "ARMY OF LIBERATION" CROSSED IN FROM HONDURAS.
SAME DAY P-47S BOMBED SAN JOSE. INVASION MAGNIFIED BY VOICE OF LIBERATION
WITH FABRICATED TALES OF DEFEATS. LEAFLET RAIDS CARRIED OUT WITH BOMBING
ATTACKS. BLEDOWSKA, C., & BLOCH, J. (1987). KGB/CIA 56-8
GUATEMALA, 54 THE OVERTHROW OF THE GVT EMPLOYED PROPAGANDA AND THE
PRE-RECORDING OF TERROR BROADCASTS FOR D-DAY USE OVER THE GUATEMALAN
NATIONAL RADIO FREQUENCY. CIA HAD A CADRE OF GUATEMALAN NEWSPAPERMEN WHO
WERE TURNED INTO PROPAGANDISTS. THEY PREPARED NEWSPAPER ARTICLES, PAMPHLETS
AND LEAFLETS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER 98
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA RADIO STATION "VOICE OF LIBERATION," (VOL). ITS SLOGAN
WAS TRABAJO, PAN, Y PATRIA--WORK, BREAD, AND COUNTRY. THE VOL FOCUSED ON
THE MESSAGE BY DOS THAT ON 15 JUNE THE M/S ALFHEM WAS LOADED WITH CZECH
MILITARY EQUIPMENT. VOL STRESSED THAT ARBENZ PLANNED THE DESTRUCTION OF THE
MILITARY AND WAS DISTRIBUTE THE WEAPONS TO A COUNTRYSIDE MILITIA. MILITARY
TO BE REPLACED BY A CIVILIAN PROLETARIAT CONSTABULARY. THIS CAUSED
DISSENSION BETWEEN ARBENZ AND MILITARY COMMANDERS. PHILLIPS, D.A. (1977).
THE NIGHT WATCH 43
GUATEMALA, 54 IN LATE MAY 54, C-47 DROPPED LEAFLETS OVER GUATEMALA CITY
INFORMING RESIDENTS DAY OF LIBERATION WAS AT HAND. LEAFLETS WERE ALSO
PUSHED UNDER HOUSE DOORS TELLING PEOPLE TO MAKE LIST OF COMMUNISTS SO THEY
COULD BE BROUGHT TO JUSTICE. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED HOPE 309
GUATEMALA, 54 USIA PLANTED HUNDREDS OF ARTICLES ABROAD, WITH THOUSANDS OF
ANTI-ARBENZ CARTOONS AND POSTERS, JOHN DOHERTY NAMED A NEW COS IN
GUATEMALA. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 346
GUATEMALA, 54 VOL ANNOUNCED IN FINAL BIG LIE THAT 2 COLUMNS OF REBEL
SOLDIERS CONVERGING ON GUATEMALA CITY. SIMULATED MILITARY MESSAGES
BROADCAST. THIS ON 27 JUNE. ARBENZ RESIGNED THAT NIGHT. PHILLIPS, D.A.
(1977). THE NIGHT WATCH 48
GUATEMALA, 54 WHAT MADE A DIFFERENCE [IN OVERTHROWING ARBENZ GVT] WAS
CHAOS "VOICE OF LIBERATION" CREATED. IT SNUGGLED UP TO STANDARD FREQUENCIES
AND MOURNED TREMENDOUS TROOP LOSES, TO SUGGEST LAKES HAD BEEN POISONED, AND
ENTIRE DIVISIONS WERE DEFECTING. FAKED SIGNALS AMONG ADVANCING HORDES,
"SPOOFING" ESTABLISHED MILITARY SIGNALS, ETC. ALL COORDINATED WITH
AMPLIFIERS AND JAMMING DEVICES ON EMBASSY ROOF. TAPES OF AIR ASSAULTS
BOOMED ACROSS CAPITAL. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 350
GUATEMALA, COORDINATION, 54 LAST PHASE USED UNITED STATES INFORMATION
AGENCY. USIA PLACED 200 ARTICLES IN LATIN PRESS. MIGHTY WURLITZER. PRADOS,
J. (1986). PRESIDENTS' SECRET WARS 104
PSYWAR
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA'S "VOICE OF LIBERATION" RADIO OPERATORS SNUGGLED UP TO
FREQUENCIES GUATEMALAN RADIO STATIONS AND "SPOOFED" MILITARY SIGNALS,
SKILLFULLY PAINTED A PICTURE OF WAR AND UPHEAVAL. FABRICATED REPORTS OF
LARGE TROOP MOVEMENTS, FEARSOME BATTLES, MAJOR GUATEMALAN DEFEATS AND
GROWING REBEL STRENGTH FRIGHTENING AN ALREADY CONFUSED AND DISHEARTENED
PEOPLE. DL 234 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT
184-85
GUATEMALA, 54 PLAN ONE PART MILITARY ACTION AND NINE PARTS PROPAGANDA
AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE. POWERS, T. (1979). THE MAN WHO KEPT THE SECRETS
86-8
GUATEMALA 54 WELL-ORGANIZED RUMOR MILL USED IN OP SUCCESS. AMERICANS IN
CONTACT U.S. EMBASSY, AS WELL AS EMBASSY EMPLOYEES, BENIGNLY ASKED
GUATEMALAN FRIENDS IF IT TRUE THAT CRUISERS AND AIRCRAFT CARRIERS HAD
ANCHORED OFF COAST OR THAT PARATROOPERS HAD LANDED IN NORTH. RUMORS CAME
BACK WITHIN HOURS TO THE PEOPLE WHO HAD STARTED THEM, NEARLY ALWAYS
EXPANDED TO LUDICROUS PROPORTIONS. DL 236 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER,
S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 192-93
PUBLICATION
CENTRAL AMERICA, 48-53 COMPANY PUBLISHED 4 NEWSPAPERS FOR UNITED FRUIT
WORKERS IN HONDURAS, COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, AND PANAMA. UNITED FRUIT ALSO
SUPPORTED FOR MANY YEARS A PUBLICATION NAMED "LATIN AMERICA REPORT,"
PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM GAUDET - WHO A POSSIBLE AGENT FOR CIA AND WHO USED
PUBLICATION AS A CREDIBLE COVER FOR NUMEROUS COVERT MISSIONS. MCANN, T.
(1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 48
GUATEMALA, 54 UNITED FRUIT PUBLISHED NEWSPAPER "LATIN AMERICAN REPORT"
FOR JOURNALISTS, WRITTEN BY WILLIAM GAUDET WHO SAID TO BE CONNECTED TO BOTH
UNITED FRUIT AND CIA. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT
82
GUATEMALA. VOICE OF LIBERATION GUATEMALA BROADCASTING FROM HONDURAS DURING
CIA-BACKED COUP. FREEMANTLE, B. (1983). CIA 169
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA'S DAVID PHILLIPS WAS BROUGHT IN FROM CHILE IN APRIL 54
TO HEAD REBEL RADIO STATION "LA VOZ DE LIBERACION." GLIEJESES, P. (1991).
SHATTERED HOPE 294
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA'S VOICE OF LIBERATION TRANSMITTERS FIRST IN NICARAGUA
AND THEN FROM HONDURAS AND DOMINICAN REPUBLIC KEPT UP A WAR OF NERVES.
STORIES THAT ARBENZ TO DISBAND MILITARY AND ARM ONLY PEASANTS AND PEOPLE'S
MILITIA, ETC. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 348-9
LATIN AMERICA, 58-65 CIA GAVE COSTA RICA'S FIGUERES MONEY TO PUBLISH
JOURNAL "COMBATE," AND TO SPONSOR INSTITUTE OF POLITICAL EDUCATION IN C.R.
IN 11/59. INSTITUTE A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR POLITICAL PARTIES OF DEMOCRATIC
LEFT FROM C.R., CUBA (EXILE), DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (EXILE), GUATEMALA,
HONDURAS, NICARAGUA (EXILE), PANAMA, PERU AND VENEZUELA. CIA FUNDED THRU
SHELL FOUNDATION KAPLAN FUND NEXT TO INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL LABOR
RESEARCH (IILR) IN NEW YORK. SOCIALIST LEADER NORMAN THOMAS HEADED IILR WHO
CLAIMED HE IGNORANT OF CIA ROLE. FIGUERES CREATED INTER-AMERICAN SOCIAL
DEMOCRAT MOVEMENT (INADESMO) A FRONT TO DISPERSE FUNDS DIRECTLY. AMERINGER,
C.D. (1990). U.S. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE 256-7
RELIGION
CONVERGENCE OF VIEWS OF THE VATICAN AND THE U.S. CLOSE DURING 50-59 AND
NOWHERE MORE THAN IN LATIN AMERICA. POINT MAN FOR ENDEAVORS WAS CARDINAL
SPELLMAN WHO SERVED FOR 3 DECADES AS THE PRIMARY AMERICAN RESPONSIBLE FOR
LATIN AMERICA AS WELL AS THE INFORMAL ENVOY OF ROOSEVELT, TRUMAN AND
EISENHOWER. SPELLMAN PERSONALLY SELECTED BISHOPS FOR L.A. AND ORDERED THE
ARCHBISHOP OF BOGOTA, COLOMBIA, TO SUBMIT ALL STATEMENTS ABOUT THE U.S. TO
THE AMBASSADOR FOR APPROVAL. IN 54 SPELLMAN ACTED AS GO BETWEEN FOR THE
CIA AND GUATEMALAN BISHOP ROSSELL ARELLANO, WHOSE PASTORAL LETTER
CONDEMNING COMMUNISM WAS VITAL IN PREPARING FOR THE OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ'S
GVT. ROSSELL'S DEMAND FOR THE PEOPLE TO RISE AS A SINGLE MAN AGAINST THE
ENEMY OF GOD AND COUNTRY WAS READ IN EVERY CHURCH AND AIRDROPPED BY THE CIA
A FEW WEEKS BEFORE THE COUP. IN 62 A CIA REPORT CONCLUDED THE VATICAN WAS
BECOMING A LESS RELIABLE ALLY. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 10/85 P21
FOOD FOR THE HUNGRY, INC. (FFTH) - INFO AS OF 12/89. FFTH IS AN EVANGELICAL
CHRISTIAN ORGANIZATION THAT PROVIDES FOOD AND TECHNICAL EXPERTISE IN
DISASTERS AS WELL AS IN LONG-TERM, SELF-HELP PROGRAMS. SOURCES OF FUNDING
INCLUDE PRIVATE CONTRIBUTIONS AND GVT GRANTS. FFTH OPERATES RURAL
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, RELIEF PROGRAMS, FOOD-FOR-WORK PROGRAMS, AND CHILD
SPONSORSHIP PROGRAMS IN AFRICA, ASIA, AND LATIN AMERICA. FFTH HELPS TO SET
UP ON-GOING RELIEF AND REHABILITATION PROGRAMS AND PROVIDES EMERGENCY
DISASTER AID. FFTH RECEIVES FUNDING AND OTHER RESOURCES FROM U.S. GVT. IT
AIDED THE "MODEL VILLAGES" OF GUATEMALA THAT WERE PART OF ARMY'S
PACIFICATION PROGRAM. FFTH ALSO MAINTAINS "FORMAL AFFILIATE RELATIONSHIPS"
WITH VARIOUS BRANCHES OF THE U.N. RESOURCE CENTER GROUPWATCH PROJECT
GOSPEL OUTREACH/VERBO MINISTRIES - INFO AS OF 10/91. AFTER 76 EARTHQUAKE IN
GUATEMALA, 28 GOSPEL OUTREACH EVANGELICALS WENT TO GUATEMALA TO HELP
REBUILD COUNTRY AND ESTABLISH EL VERBO CHURCH. AN EARLY CONVERT WAS GEN.
EFRAIN RIOS MONTT, WHO BECAME PRESIDENT AFTER A MILITARY COUP IN 3/82.
MONTT EXPECTED TO TURN VERBO CHURCHES INTO A NEW POLITICAL MOVEMENT. DURING
A COUNTERINSURGENCY CAMPAIGN GOSPEL OUTREACH AND VERBO MINISTRIES WERE
VALUABLE ALLIES OF MILITARY AND VERBO BECAME PREFERRED LIAISON BETWEEN ARMY
AND LOCAL COMMUNITY. WITHIN FIRST 9 MONTHS OF RIOS MONTT'S ADM, 12
EVANGELICAL PASTORS WERE ASSASSINATED; 69 WERE KIDNAPPED; 45 DISAPPEARED;
15 WERE JAILED; 11 FOREIGN MISSIONARIES WERE EXPELLED; 88 EVANGELICAL
TEMPLES WERE DESTROYED; AND 50 MORE WERE OCCUPIED BY THE ARMY." VERBO
MINISTRIES ALSO RUNS A LEADERSHIP TRAINING SCHOOL WITH OVER 1000 MEMBERS
DIRECTED BY RIOS MONTT HIMSELF. SINCE IXIL TRIANGLE CI OP, VERBO MINISTRIES
WORKED AMONG INDIAN REFUGEES WITH WYCLIFFE BIBLE TRANSLATORS, BEHRHORST
CLINIC, GLOBE MISSIONARY EVANGELISM, AND WORLD VISION. RESOURCE CENTER
GROUPWATCH PROJECT
GUATEMALA, 53-54 CATHOLIC OPS. CIA THRU FRANCIS CARDINAL SPELLMAN OF NEW
YORK CONTACTED ARCHBISHOP ARELLANO. ON 9 APRIL 54 A PASTORAL LETTER READ IN
ALL GUATEMALAN CHURCHES DEMANDED THAT THE "PEOPLE RISE AS A SINGLE MAN
AGAINST (COMMUNISM). CIA, HOWARD HUNT WROTE LATER, "AIR-DROPPED MANY
THOUSANDS OF LEAFLETS CARRYING THE PASTORAL LETTER INTO REMOTE AREAS OF
GUATEMALA." SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 155
GUATEMALA, 53-54 ARCHBISHOP ROSSELL Y ARELLANO SPEARHEADED EFFORT BY
CATHOLIC CHURCH TO DENOUNCE "ANTI-CHRISTIAN" GOV OF ARBENZ. INSTRUMENTAL IN
SPREADING NUMEROUS CIA INSPIRED RUMORS. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED
HOPE 287-288
GUATEMALA, 63-64 CIA ASKED CARDINAL SPELLMAN TO ARRANGE CONTACT WITH
ARCHBISHOP ARELLANO "SO WE COULD COORDINATE OUR PARALLEL EFFORTS." SPELLMAN
AGREED. ON 4/9/54, A PASTORAL LETTER READ IN ALL GUATEMALAN CHURCHES NOTED
COMMUNISM IN COUNTRY AND DEMANDED THAT "THE PEOPLE OF GUATEMALA...RISE AS A
SINGLE MAN AGAINST THE ENEMY OF GOD AND COUNTRY." CIA AIR-DROPPED MANY
THOUSANDS OF LEAFLETS CARRYING THE PASTORAL MESSAGE INTO REMOTE AREAS. DL
226 FROM SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 155
GUATEMALA, 54 A PASTORAL LETTER FROM THE CATHOLIC ARCHBISHOP OF 4/4/54
DENOUNCING COMMUNISM HAD GALVANIZED RIGHT-WING OPPOSITION TO ARBENZ. ALSO
ARMAS WAS BLESSED BY THE PAPAL NUNCIO AS HE ARRIVED AT THE AIRPORT. A FLOOD
OF MISSIONARIES CAME TO GUATEMALA TO PREACH ANTI-COMMUNISM. NACLA (MAGAZINE
RE LATIN AMERICA) 2/83 4,5
GUATEMALA, 54 CARDINAL SPELLMAN ARRANGED CIA CONTACT BETWEEN A SENIOR
CHURCHMAN SO THE CIA COULD COORDINATE HIS EFFORTS WITH THE OVERTHROW OP.
ANTI-ARBENZ AND ANTI-COMMUNIST PASTORAL LETTERS WERE GIVEN WIDE
DISTRIBUTION IN L.A. PRESS. AND THOUSANDS OF LEAFLETS CARRYING THE PASTORAL
LETTERS WERE AIR-DROPPED INTO REMOTE AREAS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER
99
LATIN AMERICA, 87-91 GUATEMALA'S DECISIVE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION POINTS UP
BIG GAINS PROTESTANISM IS MAKING ALL ACROSS REGION AT EXPENSE OF ROMAN
CATHOLICISM. EVANGELICAL PROTESTANISM INCREASED FROM 15 MILLION TO AT LEAST
40 MILLION IN LATIN AMERICA. TIME 1/21/91 68
THIRD WORLD, 48-75 UNTIL 75 THE CIA ROUTINELY USED MISSIONARIES AND
CLERICS AS INFORMANTS. THIS ESPECIALLY TRUE IN CENTRAL AMERICA WHERE MOST
OF 14 DOCUMENTED CASES OF COLLABORATION OCCURRED. (THE HISTORIC CONFERENCE
OF LATIN AMERICAN BISHOPS HELD IN COLOMBIAN CITY OF MEDELLIN IN 68 SET THE
HEMISPHERE'S CATHOLIC CHURCH ON A NEW COURSE OF SOCIAL JUSTICE. CALLED THE
MEDELLIN CONFERENCE.) DURING THE COLD WAR U.S. MISSIONARIES ROUTINELY ON
THEIR RETURN TO THE U.S. VISITED THE STATE DEPT TO BE DEBRIEFED. A
PROTESTANT MISSIONARY IN BOLIVIA REGULARLY MET WITH A CIA AGENT TO PASS ON
ALL SORTS OF INFO ABOUT UNIONS FARMERS' COOPERATIVES. CIA REGULARLY VISITED
THE MARYKNOLL HQS IN NEW YORK UP TO 1970. CIA TRIED TO GET INFO FROM
MISSIONARIES IN THE FIELD BY DEVELOPING FRIENDSHIPS AND APPEARING TO ASK
DISINTERESTED QUESTIONS WITHOUT IDENTIFYING THEMSELVES AS CIA. IN GUATEMALA
A CIA AGENT USED HIS BACKGROUND AS A MARYKNOLL SEMINARIAN TO DEVELOP
CONTACTS WITH U.S. MISSIONARIES. THE CIA IN LATIN AMERICA SUPPORTED
RIGHT-WING CATHOLIC GROUPS. THE NATION 4/26/80 P494-496
WYCLIFFE BIBLE TRANSLATORS SPECIALIZE IN LINGUISTIC AND RELIGIOUS WORK
AMONG TRIBAL PEOPLES. THEY EFFECTIVELY COMBINE SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUE WITH
RELIGIOUS MYSTIFICATION...TO THE OLD PROCESS OF PACIFYING NATIVE PEOPLES.
WBT ALSO CREATED THE SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS. SEE CHART ON PAGE 20
FOR A LIST OF TRAINING CENTERS FOR THE SIL. NO COVERT RELATIONSHIP WITH
U.S. INTEL OR PARAMILITARY OP REVEALED BUT WBT/SIL IS IN PART FUNDED BY THE
AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM, NEPAL AND PERU. WBT/SIL
ACTIVE IN LATIN AMERICA; I.E., MEXICO, GUATEMALA, PANAMA, COLOMBIA,
SURINAM, ECUADOR, PERU, BOLIVIA AND BRAZIL. IT WORKS WITH INDIANS IN NORTH
AMERICA AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF EUROPE, AFRICA, AND ASIA. FOR DETAILED
INFO SEE NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN AMERICA) 12/73 P15-21
SPECIAL FORCES
GUATEMALA 62 TRAINED OFFICIALS IN COUNTERINSURGENCY. BLUM, W. (1986). THE
CIA A FORGOTTEN HISTORY 262-263
GUATEMALA, 66-68 ABOUT 1000 GREEN BERETS HELPED ARANA'S TROOPS ON
COUNTERINSURGENCY RAIDS. 8000 PEOPLE SLAIN. LERNOUX, P. (1982). CRY OF THE
PEOPLE 186
GUATEMALA, 66-68 GREEN BERETS CI CAMPAIGN LED TO SLAUGHTER OF PERHAPS
10,000 PEASANTS WITH HELP OF GREEN BERETS. NAPALM ALSO USED. CHOMSKY, N.
(1985). TURNING THE TIDE 155
GUATEMALA, 68 ADVISORS SENT TO GUATEMALA WORK WITH MILITARY AND
PARAMILITARY FORCES TO DESIGN BLOODY, EFFECTIVE REPRESSION OF INSURGENCY.
DICKEY, C. (1985). WITH THE CONTRAS 85
GUATEMALA, 68-82 TRAINED MILITARY DEATH SQUADS WHO USED "TERROR
TACTICS" FROM KILLING TO INDISCRIMINATE NAPALMING OF VILLAGES. SPECIAL
FORCES ALMOST CERTAINLY PARTICIPATED IN OPS DESPITE CONGRESSIONAL
PROHIBITION. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA
CONNECTION 193
STATION
GUATEMALA, 54 THE FIELD HQS FOR THE GUATEMALAN OP WAS A TWO-STORY
BARRACKS AT THE MARINE AIR BASE AT OPA LOCKA, FLORIDA. HUNT, H.J. (1974).
UNDERCOVER 98
GUATEMALA, 61 IN 1961 BOB DAVIS WAS CIA STATION CHIEF IN GUATEMALA.
WYDEN, P. (1979). BAY OF PIGS THE UNTOLD STORY 300
STUDENTS
GUATEMALA, 93 NED/INSTITUTE OF INVESTIGATION AND POLITICAL TRAINING - FOR
TRAINING STUDENTS. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 9/93 70
GUATEMALA, MEXICO, 52 H. HUNT TRIED OBTAIN INTEL ON THE INTERNAL
SITUATION IN GUATEMALA BY USING MEXICAN BORDER CROSSERS, MOST OF WHOM WERE
STUDENTS. HUNT, H.J. (1974). UNDERCOVER 84
MEXICO, 54 HOWARD HUNT WAS SUBSIDIZING AND DIRECTING POWERFUL
ANTI-COMMUNIST STUDENT ORG MEXICO THAT REPORTED ON SITUATION GUATEMALA.
AMBROSE, S.E. (1981). IKE'S SPIES 220
TECH, GEN
CUBA, 54-61 CIA AS IN GUATEMALA RELIED ON RADIO INTERFERENCE WITH
CASTRO'S MICROWAVE INTERNAL-COMMO NET TO FORCE MILITARY UNITS INTO OPEN
VOICE CONVERSATIONS WHICH CIA COULD OVERHEAR. HIGGINS, T. (1987). THE
PERFECT FAILURE 98
TERRORISM
GUATEMALA DEATH SQUADS, 66 REVOLUTION BROUGHT FULL-SCALE
COUNTERINSURGENCY TO ARMS, ADVISORS AND GREEN BERETS. STATE DEPT STUDY
SAID: "TO ELIMINATE FEW HUNDRED GUERRILLAS, THE GVT KILLED PERHAPS 10,000
PEASANTS." KWITNY, J. (1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 233
GUATEMALA, 50-72 IN OCT 66 ARANA (WITH INCREASING AMOUNTS OF U.S.
MILITARY AND POLICE AID TO GUATEMALA) WAS USING QUASI-MILITARY TERRORIST
UNITS IN GUERRILLA ZONES. IN COORDINATION WITH ARMY AND POLICE INTEL
APPARATUS, PM GROUPS WERE USED TO ROOT OUT GUERRILLA SYMPATHIZERS. JONES,
S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA 196
RAND CORPORATION, GUATEMALA. RAND ATTRIBUTED 60--82 SUCCESS OF U.S.
TRAINED GUATEMALAN MILITARY - DEATH SQUADS TO "THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF
TERROR TACTICS" FROM MURDER TO INDISCRIMINATE NAPALMING VILLAGES. MARSHALL,
J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 193
REAGAN ADMINISTRATION LINKS WITH GUATEMALA'S TERRORIST GOVERNMENT. COVERT
ACTION INFORMATION BULLETIN (QUARTERLY) 4/81 16-21
THINK TANK
CENTRAL AMERICA, 84-90 CENTRAL AMERICAN POLITICAL ACADEMY, MAJOR GRANT
PROJECT OF NRI IS COMPOSED OF 4 REGIONAL THINK TANKS, EACH AFFILIATED WITH
A RIGHTWING POLITICAL PARTY FOR ASSOCIATES IN HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, AND
COSTA RICA, E.G., HONDURAN CENTER FOR ECONOMIC POLITICAL AND SOCIAL
STUDIES; IN GUATEMALA, THE POLITICAL ACADEMY FOR LIBERTY AND JUSTICE AND
THE CENTER FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES; AND, COSTA RICA'S APDLD. COHA AND
THE RESOURCE CENTER, (1990). NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY 48
CENTRAL AMERICA, 89 NED/NRIIA, FOR THE CENTRAL AMERICAN ACADEMY, A
COOPERATIVE EFFORT OF FOUR POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS IN COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA,
HONDURAS AND NICARAGUA DEDICATED TO STRENGTHENING DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES IN
CENTRAL AMERICA. $136,000. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS
89 40
GUATEMALA, 44-54 COLD-WAR SCHOLAR RONALD SCHNEIDER PUBLISHED IN 58 A
SCHOLARLY ACCOUNT OF THE COMMUNIST TAKEOVER UNDER ARBENZ "COMMUNISM IN
GUATEMALA." SCHNEIDER GIVEN ACCESS TO MORE THAN 50,000 INTERNAL DOCS. BOOK
MADE NO MENTION OF U.S. ROLE IN OVERTHROW GVT. WHEN HE WROTE BOOK SCHNEIDER
EMPLOYED BY THE U. OF PENNSYLVANIA'S RIGHT-WING COLD-WAR THINK TANK, THE
FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (FPRI). IT CLAIMED SCHNEIDER GOT DOCS
THRU THE STATE DEPT, IT MORE LIKELY THAT HIS CONTACTS WERE THE CIA, WHICH
WAS FUNDING THE FPRI. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974). GUATEMALA
83-4
GUATEMALA, 84-85 CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS POLITICOS (CEDEP) - CENTER FOR
POLITICAL STUDIES FUNDED BY NED - PUBLISHES QUARTERLY JOURNAL. NED GRANT BY
CARIBBEAN CENTRAL AMERICAN ACTION, A D.C.-BASED NON-PROFIT TO HELP OPS.
NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 84,85
GUATEMALA, 86 NED/NRI TO ASSIST CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS ECONOMICOS-SOCIALES
(CEES), A GROUP OF ACADEMICIANS, BUSINESSMEN AND PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSTS FOR
CENTER-RIGHT LEGISLATORS. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS
1986 38
GUATEMALA, 86 NED/ROOSEVELT CENTER FOR AMERICAN POLICY STUDIES TO ASSIST
ASOCIACION DE INVESTIGACION Y ESTUDIOS SOCIALES (ASIES) A RESEARCH GROUP ON
POLITICAL ISSUES. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 1986 39
GUATEMALA, 88 NED/NRI FUNDING CENTER FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STUDIES FOR
LEGISLATIVE STUDIES. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 88 39
GUATEMALA, 90 NED, NATIONAL RECONCILIATION COMMISSION, A NEUTRAL
NONGOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTION CREATED IN 1987 IN COMPLIANCE WITH ESQUIPULAS
II ACCORDS, FOR CONTINUED SUPPORT OF ITS EFFORTS TO PROMOTE DIALOGUE AMONG
KEY SECTORS OF GUATEMALAN SOCIETY. $60,000. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR
DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 90 41
GUATEMALA, 91 NED, RESOURCES FOR ACTION, SUPPORT CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS
POLITICOS (CEDEP) CONDUCT CIVIC EDUCATION PROGRAM. $66,000. NATIONAL
ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 91 61
GUATEMALA, 932 NED/IRI GRANT TO ASOCIACION DE PODER LOCAL (ASSOCIATION OF
LOCAL POWER), A NGO. NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY ANNUAL REPORTS 9/93
70
IN 89 THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (NED), A SMALL PRIVATE
FOUNDATION CHARTERED AND FUNDED BY CONGRESS TO "PROMOTE DEMOCRACY ABROAD."
NED DOLES OUT MONEY $15.8 MILLION IN 89 TO PRIVATE U.S.-BASED GROUPS. MOST
MONEY GOES TO INSTITUTES AFFILIATED WITH 4 ENTITIES: AFL-CIO, THE U.S.
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY, THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. ALL 4 RUN
THEIR OWN MINIATURE STATE DEPTS. THE NATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE USES
MONEY 1.7 MILLION TO HELP CONSERVATIVES IN LATIN AMERICA. A MAJOR PROJECT
OF THE INSTITUTE IS THE CENTRAL AMERICAN POLITICAL ACADEMY WHICH COMPRISES
4 THINK TANKS IN THE AREA. THE HONDURAN COMPONENT IS THE CENTER FOR
ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES. IN GUATEMALA IT IS THE POLITICAL
ACADEMY FOR LIBERTY AND JUSTICE (ACAP). ANOTHER IN GUATEMALA IS THE CENTER
FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES. IN COSTA RICA THE ASSOCIATION FOR DEFENSE OF
FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY. ALL 4 THINK TANKS AFFILIATED WITH THE INTERNATIONAL
DEMOCRAT UNION (IDU), A CONFEDERATION OF CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL PARTIES
FROM 20 COUNTRIES, FIRST CONVENED IN LONDON IN 83 . THE NED ENGAGES OPENLY
IN THE TYPE OF WORK ONCE RESERVED FOR THE CIA-PROMOTING POLITICAL PARTIES,
FUNDING PROPAGANDA, INFLUENCING CAMPAIGNS, COURTING TRADE UNIONS, ETC. THE
NATION 12/18/89 744-746
LATIN AMERICA, 58-65 CIA GAVE COSTA RICA'S FIGUERES MONEY TO PUBLISH
JOURNAL "COMBATE," AND TO SPONSOR INSTITUTE OF POLITICAL EDUCATION IN C.R.
IN 11/59. INSTITUTE A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR POLITICAL PARTIES OF DEMOCRATIC
LEFT FROM C.R., CUBA (EXILE), DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (EXILE), GUATEMALA,
HONDURAS, NICARAGUA (EXILE), PANAMA, PERU AND VENEZUELA. CIA FUNDED THRU
SHELL FOUNDATION KAPLAN FUND NEXT TO INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL LABOR
RESEARCH (IILR) IN NEW YORK. SOCIALIST LEADER NORMAN THOMAS HEADED IILR WHO
CLAIMED HE IGNORANT OF CIA ROLE. FIGUERES CREATED INTER-AMERICAN SOCIAL
DEMOCRAT MOVEMENT (INADESMO) A FRONT TO DISPERSE FUNDS DIRECTLY. AMERINGER,
C.D. (1990). U.S. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE 256-7
RAND CORPORATION, GUATEMALA, 60-82 RAND ATTRIBUTED SUCCESS OF U.S.
TRAINED GUATEMALAN MILITARY DEATH SQUADS TO "THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF
TERROR TACTICS" FROM MURDER TO INDISCRIMINATE NAPALMING VILLAGES. MARSHALL,
J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J. (1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 193
THE NATIONAL DEFENSE COUNCIL FOUNDATION (NFDC) WAS FOUNDED BY F. ANDY
MESSING IN 78 TO HELP POPULARIZE LOW INTENSITY CONFLICT (LIC). MESSING WAS
A CONGRESSIONAL LIAISON FOR THE ARMY, AND LATER JOINED THE AMERICAN
SECURITY COUNCIL, A LOBBY GROUP FOR CONSERVATIVE CAUSES. HE ALSO LOBBIED
AGAINST "ABANDONMENT" OF REGIME OF IAN SMITH IN RHODESIA. IN 79, MESSING
BECAME A PROTEGE OF HOWARD PHILLIPS OF THE CONSERVATIVE CAUCUS, BUT DID NOT
ABANDON NDCF. UP UNTIL 85, MESSING HELD A POSITION AT THE PENTAGON WHERE HE
MONITORED U.S. INTEL ON CENTRAL AMERICA. NDCF FOCUSES ON LIC BECAUSE HE
FEELS THAT THIS IS ULTIMATELY WHERE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN U.S. AND USSR
LIES. NDCF HAS AN ANNUAL BUDGET OF ABOUT $300,000 AND A STAFF OF THREE. IN
85, CONTRA LEADER ALDOLFO CALERO'S BROTHER HELPED MESSING CHANNEL OVER
$1,000,000 OF NONLETHAL AID TO THE CONTRAS. FROM 84-86 NDCF DISTRIBUTED
$22 MILLION IN MEDICINES, MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, FOOD, AND CLOTHING IN
GUATEMALA, EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, AND COSTA RICA TO HOSPITALS AND REFUGEE
CAMPS. DELIVERING "HUMANITARIAN" AID FITS INTO THE LIC DOCTRINE BECAUSE
FOOD AND MEDICINE ARE THE MAJOR LINCHPINS IN CIVIC ACTION CAMPAIGNS.
RESOURCE CENTER GROUPWATCH PROJECT
TORTURE
ARGENTINA. IN EXCHANGE FOR 81 ARMS SALES ARGENTINA TO AID NICARAGUA
CONTRAS. ICC 58. ALSO INVOLVED IN HONDURAS, EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA,
TEACHING TORTURE TECHNIQUES, ET AL. MARSHALL, J., SCOTT P.D., & HUNTER, J.
(1987). THE IRAN-CONTRA CONNECTION 59
CIA SET UP ANSESAL AND OTHER NETWORKS OF TERROR IN EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA
(ANSEGAT) AND PRE-SANDINISTA NICARAGUA (ANSENIC). THE CIA CREATED,
STRUCTURED AND TRAINED SECRET POLICE IN SOUTH KOREA, IRAN, CHILE AND
URUGUAY, AND ELSEWHERE - ORGANIZATIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR UNTOLD THOUSANDS OF
TORTURES, DISAPPEARANCES, AND DEATHS. SPARK 4/85 P2-4
GUATEMALA, 63 SPECIAL FORCES CARRIED OUT INTENSIVE TRG OF LOCAL
PERSONNEL IN ANTI-GUERRILLA WARFARE, INTERROGATION AND SURVIVAL.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 247
GUATEMALA, 70-72 UNDER ARANA PRESIDENCY, WITH MARIO SANDOVAL ALARCON AND
OTHERS INVOLVED IN RIGHT-WING TERRORISM, ARANA UNLEASHED ONE OF THE MOST
GRUESOME SLAUGHTERS IN RECENT LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY (ONLY IN CHILE,
FOLLOWING THE COUP AGAINST ALLENDE WAS THE DEGREE OF VIOLENCE GREATER). THE
NYT REPORTED IN JUNE 71 THAT AT LEAST 2000 GUATEMALANS WERE ASSASSINATED
BETWEEN 11/70 AND 5/71; MOST CORPSES SHOWED SIGNS OF TORTURE. MOST OF
KILLING ATTRIBUTED TO THE OFFICIALLY SUPPORTED TERRORIST ORGS OJO POR OJO
(AN EYE FOR AN EYE) AND MANO BLANCA. JONES, S., & TOBIS, D. (EDS.). (1974).
GUATEMALA 202-3
GUATEMALA, 80-93 GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION/USA REPORT
"CONFRONTING THE HEART OF DARKNESS - AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TORTURE
IN GUATEMALA." JUNE 93 99 PAGES
TRAINING
CUBA 60 CIA SENT A CABLE TO CUBAN EXILE TRAINING CAMP IN GUATEMALA ON 4
NOV 60 ORDERING TRAINERS TO PLAN FOR AN ALL OUT FRONTAL ASSAULT ON CUBA
RATHER THAN GUERRILLA-INFILTRATION OPERATIONS. SIXTY MEN WERE PICKED FOR
INFILTRATION AND SENT TO PANAMA, FLORIDA, LOUISIANA, AND MARYLAND (NEAR FT.
MEADE) FOR TRAINING. HAYNES, J. (1964). THE BAY OF PIGS: THE LEADER'S STORY
OF BRIGADE 2506 54,55,59
WATCH LIST
GUATEMALA, 54 DEATH SQUADS AND TARGET LISTS. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER,
S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 197, 207-8, 221
GUATEMALA, 54 GOAL OF CIA WAS APPREHENSION OF SUSPECTED COMMUNISTS AND
SYMPATHIZERS. AT CIA BEHEST, CASTILLO ARMAS CREATED COMMITTEE AND ISSUED
DECREE THAT EST. DEATH PENALTY FOR CRIMES INCLUDING LABOR UNION ACTIVITIES.
COMMITTEE GIVEN AUTHORITY DECLARE ANYONE COMMUNIST WITH NO RIGHT OF DEFENSE
OR APPEAL. BY 11/21/ 54 COMMITTEE HAD SOME 72,000 PERSONS ON FILE AND
AIMING TO LIST 200,000. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT
221
GUATEMALA, 54 THE U.S. AMBASSADOR AFTER OVERTHROW OF ARBENZ GVT GAVE
LISTS OF RADICAL OPPONENTS TO BE ELIMINATED TO ARMAS'S GVT. NACLA 2/83 P4.
THE MILITARY CONTINUED UP TO AT LEAST 79 TO USE A LIST OF 72,000
PROSCRIBED OPPONENTS, DRAWN UP FIRST IN 54. NACLA (MAGAZINE RE LATIN
AMERICA) 2/83 P13
GUATEMALA, 54 AFTER ARMAS MADE PRESIDENT, LABOR CODE FORGOTTEN AND WORKER
ORGANIZERS BEGAN DISAPPEARING FROM UNITED FRUIT PLANTATIONS. HERSH, B.
(1992). THE OLD BOYS 353
GUATEMALA, 81-89 ISRAELI KNESSET MEMBER GEN. PELED SAID IN CENTRAL
AMERICA ISRAEL IS `DIRTY WORK' CONTRACTOR FOR U.S. HELPED GUATEMALA REGIME
WHEN CONGRESS BLOCKED REAGAN ADM. ISRAELI FIRM TADIRAN (THEN PARTLY
U.S.-OWNED) SUPPLIED GUATEMALAN MILITARY WITH COMPUTERIZED INTEL SYSTEM TO
TRACK POTENTIAL SUBVERSIVES. THOSE ON COMPUTER LIST HAD AN EXCELLENT CHANCE
OF BEING "DISAPPEARED." IT "AN ARCHIVE AND COMPUTER FILE ON JOURNALISTS,
STUDENTS, LEADERS, LEFTISTS, POLITICIANS AND SO ON." COMPUTER SYSTEM MAKING
UP DEATH LISTS. COCKBURN, A. & COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS LIAISON 219
GUATEMALA, 54 DOS SECRETARY DULLES TOLD AMBASSADOR PEURIFOY TO HAVE THE
GVT SCOUR THE COUNTRYSIDE FOR COMMUNISTS AND TO SLAP THEM WITH CRIMINAL
CHARGES. A FEW MONTHS LATER THE GVT BEGAN TO PERSECUTE HUNDREDS FOR VAGUE
COMMUNIST CRIMES. THE NATION 10/28/78 444
WEAPONRY
GUATEMALA, 53-54 IN OP PBSUCCESS CIA CREATED DUMMY ARMS COMPANY,
INTERNATIONAL ARMAMENT CORPORATION (INTERARMCO) TO SERVE AS CONDUIT FOR
ARMS TO NICARAGUA AND HONDURAS. CIA USED VARIETY DUMMY ORGANIZATIONS TO
SEND PLANES TO REBELS. NATIONAL GUARD UNITS IN SOUTHERN U.S. LOANED PLANES
TO CIA, WHICH RENTED THEM TO NICARAGUA FOR ONE DOLLAR EACH. AIR FORCE OF A
DOZEN PLANES. TREVERTON, G. (1987). COVERT ACTION 63
GUATEMALA, 53 CIA WITH UNITED FRUIT SUPPLIED RIGHT WING ARMY OFFICERS
WITH WEAPONS. THEY RAIDED A PROVINCIAL TOWN AND WERE OVERCOME. CIA'S ROLE
IN AFFAIR NOT REVEALED IN TRIAL. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983).
BITTER FRUIT 103
GUATEMALA, 54 ARBENZ ARRANGED TO BUY ARMS FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA WHOSE
ARRIVAL IN GUATEMALA USED AS EXCUSE TO OVERTHROW HIS GVT. KWITNY, J.
(1984). ENDLESS ENEMIES 226
GUATEMALA, 54 INTERNATIONAL OUTCRY OVER GUATEMALA'S PURCHASE OF ARMS
FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA. US LEAKED STORY. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983).
BITTER FRUIT 10
GUATEMALA, 54 OPERATION FORTUNE, A CIA PLAN TO SMUGGLE ARMS TO ARBENZ
OPPONENTS VIA UNITED FRUIT BOATS. PLANS CANCELLED BY STATE DEPT.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 92
GUATEMALA, 82-83 THE CIA PROVIDED RIFLES AND LASER-BEAM RIFLE SIGHTS FOR
GENERAL RIOS MONTT'S CIVIL PATROLS. THE PROGRESSIVE 9/86 P7
GUATEMALA, 82 MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS CORP OF PHILADELPHIA HAS BEEN
SUPPLYING THE GUATEMALAN GVT WITH LASER-AIMED RIFLE SIGHTS FOR SEVERAL
YEARS. MASS TRANSIT HAS DONE CONTRACT ARMS SHIPMENTS FOR THE CIA. CIA
RECORDS INDICATE THE RELATIONSHIP EXISTED SINCE 81. MASS T. WAS
INCORPORATED IN DELAWARE IN 78 FOR THE "PROMOTION AND SALE OF
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT AND RELATED PARTS AND SUPPLIES." THE CIA ALSO
WITH THE PENTAGON ARRANGED FOR 10 U.S. M-41 TANKS FOR DELIVERY TO GUATEMALA
FROM BELGIUM VIA THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. IN JULY 85 A CIA-APPROVED
SHIPMENT OF 40 ASSAULT RIFLES WITH 1000 GRENADE LAUNCHERS WERE DELIVERED
FROM ISRAEL. THE PROGRESSIVE 5/86 P20-2
INTERARMCO, 54 THRU FORMER CIA EMPLOYEE SAMUEL CUMMINGS CIA SET UP DUMMY
ARMS CO CALLED INTERNATIONAL ARMAMENT CORPORATION AND ENDOWED CO WITH OVER
$100,000. COM THEN BEGAN TO SUPPLY ARMS TO CIA-ORGANIZED LIBERATION ARMY OF
GUATEMALA. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 115
ISRAEL, CENTRAL AMERICA, 80-86 HARARI PART OF ISRAELI ARMS NET IN
GUATEMALA AND EL SALVADOR IN 80-83 AND TO CONTRAS IN 83-85. WITH HUNDREDS
TONS ARMS FROM PLO STOCKS SHIPPED AT REQUEST OF DCI CASEY. HARARI PART OF
NORIEGA BUSINESS. MOVED COCAINE FROM COLOMBIA TO PANAMA. THERE AN "ARMS
SUPERMARKET," A SERIES OF WAREHOUSES IN HONDURAN CITY OF SAN PEDRO SULA.
NEWSWEEK REPORTED SUPERMARKET'S PARTNERSHIP AS A COLLECTION OF LONGTIME CIA
ARMS MERCHANTS, AGENTS OF MOSSAD'S SECRET SERVICE, AND INTEL ARM OF
HONDURAN MILITARY. COCKBURN, A. & COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS LIAISON
254-55
ISRAEL, GUATEMALA. 77-85 PASAKH BEN OR, AN ISRAELI IN GUATEMALA, SOLD SO
MANY ISRAELI ARMS IN GUATEMALA THERE NOTHING LEFT TO BUY. COCKBURN, A. &
COCKBURN, L. (1991). DANGEROUS LIAISON 221
WEAPONRY, PLANTED
GUATEMALA, 52-54 IN MIDST OF STEVENSON'S 52 CAMPAIGN FOR PRESIDENT,
MIGUEL A. MAGANA OF EL SALVADOR GAVE BERLE EVIDENCE THAT GUATEMALAN REGIME
HAD IMPORTED CZECHOSLOVAK ARMS AND THAT IT CONSTITUTED "CLEAR-CUT
INTERVENTION" BY USSR. FROM AN ANTI-GVT SOURCE, BERLE HEARD COMMUNISTS
USING TORTURE AND ASSASSINATION AGAINST OPPOSITION; FROM CIA HE LEARNED
THAT A SHIPMENT OF ARMS FROM POLAND HAD LANDED IN GUATEMALA AND GUNS WERE
BEING DISTRIBUTED TO PEASANTS NOT THE ARMY. BERLE DESCRIBED FOR NEW YORK
TIMES MAGAZINE THE COMMUNIST THREAT TO LATIN AMERICA, HINTING "IT WOULD
TAKE MORE THAN DIPLOMATIC MACHINERY..." BERLE WAS NOT PRIVY TO CIA PLANS.
SCHWARTZ, J. (1987). LIBERAL: ADOLF A. BERLE AND THE VISION OF AN AMERICAN
ERA 314
GUATEMALA, 54 PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN TO OVERTHROW ARBENZ HIGHLIGHTED TO
SEMI PUBLIC MILITARY PREPARATIONS GOING ON IN HONDURAS, ACTUAL AND
FICTIONAL ARMS DROPS, BORDER INTRUSIONS INTO GUATEMALA, AND DIRECT APPEALS
TO GUATEMALAN MILITARY OFFICERS. CORSON, W.R. (1977). ARMIES OF IGNORANCE
354
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA PLANES PARACHUTED RUSSIAN-MADE ARMS TO MAKE THE CLAIM
THAT THE SOVIETS WERE TRYING TO ESTABLISH A BEACHHEAD. COMMANDO RAIDS BY
CIA OPERATIVES KNOCKED OUT RAILROAD LINES, A FEW SHIPS AND SOME TRAINS. THE
NATION 10/28/78 P443
GUATEMALA, NICARAGUA, 54 CIA COLLABORATED WITH SOMOZA IN PLANTING CASES
OF RIFLES ALONG NICARAGUAN COAST. FOSTER DULLES LEAKED TO NEWSMEN THAT THE
ARMS FORESHADOWED INVASION OF HONDURAS. HERSH, B. (1992). THE OLD BOYS 346
HONDURAS, 70 IN ITS BATTLE WITH EL SALVADOR MCCANN, A PR PERSON WITH
UNITED FRUIT, TOLD A TOP HONDURAN OFFICIAL TO PLACE SOME RUSSIAN OR CHINESE
WEAPONS IN HANDS OF DEAD SALVADORAN SOLDIERS, AND THEN ANNOUNCED
"DISCOVERY" TO PRESS WITH PICTURES. AATT 168. NEW YORK TIMES REPORTED ON
WEAPONS SHIPMENT TO GUATEMALA THAT BORE HAMMER AND SICKLE MARKINGS - A
FAMILIAR CIA TACTIC ONE THAT MCCANN, A UNITED FRUIT EMPLOYEE, USED HIMSELF.
MCANN, T. (1976). AN AMERICAN COMPANY: THE TRAGEDY OF UNITED FRUIT 59
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA STASHED MANY ARMS IN CANAL ZONE. OTHER CIA UNITS
GATHERED SOVIET-MARKED WEAPONS TO PLANT INSIDE GUATEMALA JUST BEFORE
INVASION TO REINFORCE AMERICAN CHARGES THAT RUSSIANS TRYING TO ESTABLISH A
FOOTHOLD. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 115
GUATEMALA 54 AN UNMARKED PLANE ON 8 JUNE PARACHUTED ARMS ON THE PACIFIC
COAST OF GUATEMALA. ARMS HAD SOVIET MARKINGS. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S.
(1983). BITTER FRUIT 9
GUATEMALA, 54 CIA STARTED TO PLANT BOXES OF RIFLES WITH CONSPICUOUS
SOVIET MARKINGS NEAR NICARAGUA'S PACIFIC COAST AND TO ARRANGE FOR THEIR
DISCOVERY BY NICARAGUAN POLICE. NICARAGUA'S DICTATOR COOPERATED WITH THE
RUSE AND TOLD DIPLOMATIC COMMUNITY THAT POLICE HAD LOCATED A SOVIET WEAPON
SHIPMENT. SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 150
GUATEMALA, 54 PR DIRECTOR UNITED FRUIT WHILE OUTLINING SUCCESS OF
COMPANY'S CAMPAIGN TO CONTROL PRESS DURING COUP GUATEMALA OBSERVES "THE
PHONY WEAPONS PLOY" WAS USED IN GUATEMALA IN 54 AS IN VIETNAM THROUGH 60S.
CHOMSKY, N. (1985). TURNING THE TIDE 120
NICARAGUA, GUATEMALA, 54 TO DEMONSTRATE SOVIET ARMING OF GUATEMALA, CIA
PLANTED SOVIET MARKED ARMS CACHE ON NICARAGUA'S PACIFIC COAST IN MAY 54.
SOMOZA FLAUNTED "DISCOVERY" FOR PRESS. GLIEJESES, P. (1991). SHATTERED
HOPE 294
WHITE PAPER
GUATEMALA, 54 DOS ISSUED WHITE PAPER WHICH USED INFO FROM A CIA-BACKED
BOOK. SECOND REPORT OF STATE DEPT. CALLED "INTERVENTION OF INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNISM IN GUATEMALA," ALSO USED SOME CIA-BACKED BOOK MATERIAL.
SCHLESINGER, S., & KINZER, S. (1983). BITTER FRUIT 95